Seroatlas · Protein domains

MFS transporter superfamily

IPR036259

Definition

This entry represents MFS transporter superfamily, characterised by twelve transmembrane helices. This superfamily includes, among others, the glycerol-3-phosphate transporter from Escherichia coli, which transports glycerol-3-phosphate into the cytoplasm and inorganic phosphate into the periplasm PMID:12893936, and the E. coli proton/sugar transporter lactose permease (LacY), which acts to couple lactose and H+ translocation [[cite:PMID:12893935], [cite:PMID:16525509]]. Transporters can be grouped into two classes, primary and secondary carriers. The primary active transporters drive solute accumulation or extrusion by using ATP hydrolysis, photon absorption, electron flow, substrate decarboxylation or methyl transfer. If charged molecules are unidirectionally pumped as a consequence of the consumption of a primary cellular energy source, electron chemical potential results. This potential can than be used to drive the active transport of additional solutes via secondary carriers. Among the different transporters, the two largest families that occur ubiquitously in all classifications of organisms are the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) primary transporter superfamily (see [prositedoc:PDOC00185]) and the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS). The MFS transporters are single-polypeptide secondary carriers capable only of transporting small solutes in response to chemiosmotic ion gradients [[cite:PMID:9529885], [cite:PMID:9868370]]. They function as uniporters, symporters or antiporters. In addition, their solute specificities are also diverse. MFS proteins contain 12 transmembrane regions (with some variations). The 3D structure of human GLUT1, an archetype of the major facilitator superfamily, has been solved PMID:1157130. Helices 1-5, 8, and 10-12 are arranged in a 9-member barrel-like manner, delimiting a hydrophilic central channel. Helix 7 is located in the centre of the channel, suggesting a role in regulating transport of solutes through the channel.

136 human proteins with this domain

Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.

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