Thioredoxin-like superfamily
IPR036249
Definition
This entry represents the Thioredoxin-like superfamily which brings together a diverse group of proteins that play crucial roles in various cellular processes, particularly in redox reactions [[cite:PMID:33361108], [cite:PMID:20136512]]. This superfamily is characterised by two key features: A conserved Cys-X-X-Cys (CXXC) motif at the active site, located at the N-terminal of an α-helix. A distinctive structural fold known as the "thioredoxin fold," consisting of a central four-stranded mixed β-sheet, surrounded by α-helices, with a strand order: 2134 in which strand 3 is antiparallel to the others. In a redox reaction, the side chains of the two cysteines in this active site motif can switch from the free thiol (SH) form to a disulphide bond (S-S) and/or back and hence donate or accept electrons. The preference for electron donation or acceptance, along with the cellular redox context, determines the biological function of each protein. Several biological processes regulate the activity of target proteins through changes in the redox state of thiol groups (S2 to SH2), where a hydrogen donor is linked to an intermediary disulphide protein. Such processes include the ferredoxin/thioredoxin system, the NADP/thioredoxin system, and the glutathione/glutaredoxin system PMID:15862094. Several of these disulphide proteins share a common structure, consisting of a three-layer α/β/α core. Proteins that contain domains with a thioredoxin-like fold include: Arsenate reductase (ArsC) PMID:11709171 Calsequestrin (contains three tandem repeats of this fold) PMID:9628486 Circadian oscillation regulator KaiB PMID:15071498 Disulphide bond isomerase DsbC and DsbG (C-terminal domain) [[cite:PMID:10700276], [cite:PMID:15184683]] Disulphide bond facilitator DsbA (contains an α-helical insertion) PMID:9300489 Endoplasmic reticulum protein ERP29 (N-terminal domain) PMID:11435111 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) (N-terminal domain) PMID:16597834 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L51/S25/CI-B8 domain (variable positions for Cys residues in active site) PMID:15341729 Phosducin PMID:8898209 Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) (contains two tandem repeats of this fold) PMID:10383197 Glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes PMID:6852035 Selenoprotein W-related PMID:16319061 SH3-binding glutamic acid-rich protein like (SH3BGR) (lacks both conserved Cys residues) PMID:15120624 Spliceosomal protein U5-15Kd PMID:10610776 Thioltransferases, including thioredoxin PMID:2181145, glutaredoxin PMID:1304339, hybrid peroxiredoxin hyPrx5 PMID:12529327 Thioredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin PMID:12089152
128 human proteins with this domain
Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.
Download CSV (128 proteins: gene, accession, name)
- AGR2
- AGR3
- C5orf63
- CASQ1
- CASQ2
- CLIC1
- CLIC2
- CLIC3
- CLIC4
- CLIC5
- CLIC6
- DIO1
- DIO2
- DIO3
- DNAJC10
- DNAJC16
- EEF1G
- ERP27
- ERP29
- ERP44
- FAF1
- FAF2
- FAXC
- GDAP1
- GDAP1L1
- GLRX
- GLRX2
- GLRX3
- GLRX5
- GPX1
- GPX2
- GPX3
- GPX4
- GPX5
- GPX6
- GPX7
- GPX8
- GRXCR1
- GSTA1
- GSTA2
- GSTA3
- GSTA4
- GSTA5
- GSTK1
- GSTM1
- GSTM2
- GSTM3
- GSTM4
- GSTM5
- GSTO1
- GSTO2
- GSTP1
- GSTT1
- GSTT2
- GSTT2B
- GSTT4
- GSTZ1
- HPGDS
- MAGT1
- MIEN1
- MRPL43
- MRPS25
- NDUFA2
- NDUFV2
- NHLRC2
- NME8
- NME9
- NXN
- NXNL1
- NXNL2
- P4HB
- PDC
- PDCL
- PDCL2
- PDCL3
- PDIA2
- PDIA3
- PDIA4
- PDIA5
- PDIA6
- PDILT
- PRDX1
- PRDX2
- PRDX3
- PRDX4
- PRDX5
- PRDX6
- PRXL2B
- PRXL2C
- PTGES2
- QSOX1
- QSOX2
- SCO1
- SCO2
- SELENOF
- SELENOH
- SELENOM
- SELENOT
- SELENOV
- SELENOW
- SH3BGR
- SH3BGRL
- SH3BGRL2
- SH3BGRL3
- SPATA20
- TMX1
- TMX2
- TMX3
- TMX4
- TUSC3
- TXN
- TXN2
- TXNDC11
- TXNDC12
- TXNDC15
- TXNDC16
- TXNDC17
- TXNDC2
- TXNDC5
- TXNDC8
- TXNDC9
- TXNL1
- TXNL4A
- TXNL4B
- TXNRD1
- TXNRD3
- UBXN4
- UBXN7
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