Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GPX3

Glutathione peroxidase 3

Also known as: GPX3_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P22352
Gene: GPX3
Ensembl: ENSG00000211445
Chromosome: 5
Canonical length: 226 aa
Protein class: Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location: Secreted to blood
Quaternary structure: Homotetramer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, members of which catalyze the reduction of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by glutathione, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Several isozymes of this gene family exist in vertebrates, which vary in cellular location and substrate specificity. This isozyme is secreted, and is abundantly found in plasma. Downregulation of expression of this gene by promoter hypermethylation has been observed in a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic myeloid leukemia. This isozyme is also a selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) at its active site. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

226 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P22352|GPX3
     1  MARLLQASCL LSLLLAGFVS QSRGQEKSKM DCHGGISGTI YEYGALTIDG EEYIPFKQYA
    61  GKYVLFVNVA SYUGLTGQYI ELNALQEELA PFGLVILGFP CNQFGKQEPG ENSEILPTLK
   121  YVRPGGGFVP NFQLFEKGDV NGEKEQKFYT FLKNSCPPTS ELLGTSDRLF WEPMKVHDIR
   181  WNFEKFLVGP DGIPIMRWHH RTTVSNVKMD ILSYMRRQAA LGVKRK

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GPX3 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0
Highest tissue expression: 10,501 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

kidney: 10,501 nTPM
adipose tissue: 4,342 nTPM
choroid plexus: 4,059 nTPM
retina: 3,693 nTPM
thyroid gland: 3,507 nTPM
breast: 3,197 nTPM

Single-cell type

müller glia: 2,923 nCPM
syncytiotrophoblasts: 2,111 nCPM
esophageal apical cells: 1,927 nCPM
extravillous trophoblasts: 1,685 nCPM
migrating cytotrophoblasts: 1,456 nCPM
proximal tubule cells: 1,426 nCPM

Immune cell

neutrophil: 21 nTPM
classical monocyte: 4.3 nTPM
myeloid DC: 4.2 nTPM
total PBMC: 1.6 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 1.5 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 0.3 nTPM

Brain region

choroid plexus: 1,128 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 589 nTPM
pons: 205 nTPM
hypothalamus: 201 nTPM
midbrain: 138 nTPM
thalamus: 81 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.8
gnomAD pLI: 0.05
gnomAD missense Z: 0.57
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.08
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GPX3 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GPX3 could matter depends on whether native GPX3 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GPX3 is annotated as secreted, so native GPX3 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GPX3 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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