GLRX
Glutaredoxin-1
Also known as: GLRX1_HUMAN, GRX, GRX1
Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene
Protein identityUniProt · HPA
- UniProt accession
- P35754
- Gene
- GLRX
- Ensembl
- ENSG00000173221
- Chromosome
- 5
- Canonical length
- 106 aa
- Protein class
- Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
- Subcellular location
- Plasma membrane,Cytosol
OverviewNCBI Gene
This gene encodes a member of the glutaredoxin family. The encoded protein is a cytoplasmic enzyme catalyzing the reversible reduction of glutathione-protein mixed disulfides. This enzyme highly contributes to the antioxidant defense system. It is crucial for several signalling pathways by controlling the S-glutathionylation status of signalling mediators. It is involved in beta-amyloid toxicity and Alzheimer's disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt
106 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.
>P35754|GLRX
1 MAQEFVNCKI QPGKVVVFIK PTCPYCRRAQ EILSQLPIKQ GLLEFVDITA TNHTNEIQDY
61 LQQLTGARTV PRVFIGKDCI GGCSDLVSLQ QSGELLTRLK QIGALQLocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA
Whether an antibody against GLRX can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.
- Antibody reachability
- Intracellular
- Secreted
- No
- Transmembrane segments
- 0
- Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
- 0.28
- Highest tissue expression
- 806 nTPM
Expression across tissuesHPA
Tissue
- skeletal muscle: 806 nTPM
- kidney: 230 nTPM
- duodenum: 183 nTPM
- bone marrow: 164 nTPM
- liver: 163 nTPM
- small intestine: 160 nTPM
Single-cell type
- extravillous trophoblasts: 1,098 nCPM
- enterocytes: 897 nCPM
- oocytes: 852 nCPM
- cardiomyocytes: 654 nCPM
- adipocytes: 595 nCPM
- kupffer cells: 428 nCPM
Immune cell
- eosinophil: 905 nTPM
- neutrophil: 788 nTPM
- total PBMC: 783 nTPM
- classical monocyte: 730 nTPM
- intermediate monocyte: 485 nTPM
- myeloid DC: 461 nTPM
Brain region
- medulla oblongata: 63 nTPM
- hippocampal formation: 51 nTPM
- cerebellum: 49 nTPM
- thalamus: 46 nTPM
- midbrain: 41 nTPM
- pons: 37 nTPM
Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap
Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.
- gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
- 1.93
- gnomAD pLI
- 0
- gnomAD missense Z
- 0.48
- DepMap mean gene effect
- -0.15
- DepMap dependency class
- selective
Cancer expressionTCGA
Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).
OntologyGO
Biological processes
Molecular functions
Cellular components
Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro
- Glutaredoxin
- Glutaredoxin, eukaryotic/virial
- Glutaredoxin subgroup
- Thioredoxin-like superfamily
- Glutaredoxin
- Glutaredoxin active site
- Glutaredoxin-1
KeywordsUniProt
Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis
Seroatlas reads GLRX as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GLRX could matter depends on whether native GLRX is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.
GLRX is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.
Annotation status
The present source text does not explicitly label GLRX as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.
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