Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

SELENOW

Selenoprotein W

Also known as: SELW, SELW_HUMAN, SEPW1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P63302
Gene
SELENOW
Ensembl
ENSG00000178980
Chromosome
19
Canonical length
87 aa
Protein class
Predicted intracellular proteins

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a selenoprotein containing a selenocysteine (Sec) residue, which is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. This protein is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, heart and brain. It belongs to the SelWTH family, which possesses a thioredoxin-like fold and a conserved CxxU (C is cysteine, U is Sec) motif, suggesting a redox function for this gene. Studies in mouse show that this selenoprotein is involved in muscle growth and differentiation, and in the protection of neurons from oxidative stress during neuronal development. A retroprocessed pseudogene of this locus has been identified on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

87 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P63302|SELENOW
     1  MALAVRVVYC GAUGYKSKYL QLKKKLEDEF PGRLDICGEG TPQATGFFEV MVAGKLIHSK
    61  KKGDGYVDTE SKFLKLVAAI KAALAQG

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against SELENOW can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0
Highest tissue expression
1,842 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • tongue: 1,842 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 1,781 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 1,621 nTPM
  • amygdala: 1,521 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 1,452 nTPM
  • midbrain: 1,281 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • retinal pigment epithelial cells: 1,471 nCPM
  • late spermatids: 848 nCPM
  • fallopian tube ciliated cells: 737 nCPM
  • esophageal apical cells: 706 nCPM
  • respiratory ciliated cells: 616 nCPM
  • melanocytes: 608 nCPM

Immune cell

  • eosinophil: 460 nTPM
  • T-reg: 450 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 428 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 343 nTPM
  • naive CD4 T-cell: 341 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 319 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 777 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 731 nTPM
  • thalamus: 709 nTPM
  • white matter: 652 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 630 nTPM
  • midbrain: 629 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.54
gnomAD pLI
0
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.2
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of SELENOW in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads SELENOW as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against SELENOW could matter depends on whether native SELENOW is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

SELENOW is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label SELENOW as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/SELENOW. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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