Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TXN

Thioredoxin

Also known as: THIO_HUMAN, TRX, Trx80

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P10599
Gene: TXN
Ensembl: ENSG00000136810
Chromosome: 9
Canonical length: 105 aa
Protein class: Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Nucleoplasm,Cytosol
Secretome location: Intracellular and membrane
Quaternary structure: Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homodimer and is involved in many redox reactions. The encoded protein is active in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteines in certain proteins, which is part of the response to intracellular nitric oxide. This protein is found in the cytoplasm. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

105 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P10599|TXN
     1  MVKQIESKTA FQEALDAAGD KLVVVDFSAT WCGPCKMIKP FFHSLSEKYS NVIFLEVDVD
    61  DCQDVASECE VKCMPTFQFF KKGQKVGEFS GANKEKLEAT INELV

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TXN can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.28
Highest tissue expression: 1,238 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

esophagus: 1,238 nTPM
salivary gland: 434 nTPM
colon: 426 nTPM
rectum: 408 nTPM
liver: 407 nTPM
kidney: 401 nTPM

Single-cell type

esophageal suprabasal cells: 15,116 nCPM
esophageal apical cells: 9,041 nCPM
gastric progenitor cells: 5,419 nCPM
esophageal basal cells: 4,687 nCPM
suprabasal keratinocytes: 3,557 nCPM
respiratory secretory cells: 2,635 nCPM

Immune cell

plasmacytoid DC: 1,646 nTPM
eosinophil: 1,360 nTPM
neutrophil: 1,219 nTPM
basophil: 487 nTPM
myeloid DC: 477 nTPM
T-reg: 338 nTPM

Brain region

white matter: 94 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 93 nTPM
pons: 90 nTPM
hypothalamus: 88 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 81 nTPM
spinal cord: 80 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.92
gnomAD pLI: 0.2
gnomAD missense Z: 1.14
DepMap mean gene effect: -1.07
DepMap dependency class: common

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of TXN in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TXN as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TXN could matter depends on whether native TXN is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TXN is annotated as secreted, so native TXN circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TXN as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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