Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TXNL1

Thioredoxin-like protein 1

Also known as: TRP32, Txl, TXNL, TXNL1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: O43396
Gene: TXNL1
Ensembl: ENSG00000091164
Chromosome: 18
Canonical length: 289 aa
Protein class: Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

Enables disulfide oxidoreductase activity. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

289 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O43396|TXNL1
     1  MVGVKPVGSD PDFQPELSGA GSRLAVVKFT MRGCGPCLRI APAFSSMSNK YPQAVFLEVD
    61  VHQCQGTAAT NNISATPTFL FFRNKVRIDQ YQGADAVGLE EKIKQHLEND PGSNEDTDIP
   121  KGYMDLMPFI NKAGCECLNE SDEHGFDNCL RKDTTFLESD CDEQLLITVA FNQPVKLYSM
   181  KFQGPDNGQG PKYVKIFINL PRSMDFEEAE RSEPTQALEL TEDDIKEDGI VPLRYVKFQN
   241  VNSVTIFVQS NQGEEETTRI SYFTFIGTPV QATNMNDFKR VVGKKGESH

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TXNL1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.27
Highest tissue expression: 185 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

thyroid gland: 185 nTPM
skeletal muscle: 140 nTPM
tongue: 137 nTPM
bone marrow: 78 nTPM
liver: 75 nTPM
heart muscle: 75 nTPM

Single-cell type

esophageal apical cells: 612 nCPM
syncytiotrophoblasts: 477 nCPM
late spermatids: 428 nCPM
esophageal suprabasal cells: 329 nCPM
late primary spermatocytes: 296 nCPM
cytotrophoblasts: 293 nCPM

Immune cell

basophil: 99 nTPM
classical monocyte: 63 nTPM
total PBMC: 62 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 56 nTPM
non-classical monocyte: 55 nTPM
myeloid DC: 55 nTPM

Brain region

white matter: 60 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 58 nTPM
hypothalamus: 57 nTPM
pons: 53 nTPM
cerebellum: 52 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 52 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.4
gnomAD pLI: 0.89
gnomAD missense Z: 1.52
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.09
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of TXNL1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

PSMD14

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TXNL1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TXNL1 could matter depends on whether native TXNL1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TXNL1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TXNL1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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