Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TXNRD3

Thioredoxin reductase 3

Also known as: TGR, TR2, TR2IT1, TRXR3, TRXR3_HUMAN, TXNRD3IT1, TXNRD3NB, TXNRD3NT1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q86VQ6
Gene
TXNRD3
Ensembl
ENSG00000197763
Chromosome
3
Canonical length
643 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes the third TrxR, which unlike the other two isozymes, contains an additional N-terminal glutaredoxin (Grx) domain, and shows highest expression in testis. The Grx domain allows this isozyme to participate in both Trx and glutathione systems. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. Experimental evidence suggests the use of a non-AUG (CUG) codon as a translation initiation codon (PMID:20018845). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

643 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q86VQ6|TXNRD3
     1  MERSPPQSPG PGKAGDAPNR RSGHVRGARV LSPPGRRARL SSPGPSRSSE AREELRRHLV
    61  GLIERSRVVI FSKSYCPHST RVKELFSSLG VECNVLELDQ VDDGARVQEV LSEITNQKTV
   121  PNIFVNKVHV GGCDQTFQAY QSGLLQKLLQ EDLAYDYDLI IIGGGSGGLS CAKEAAILGK
   181  KVMVLDFVVP SPQGTSWGLG GTCVNVGCIP KKLMHQAALL GQALCDSRKF GWEYNQQVRH
   241  NWETMTKAIQ NHISSLNWGY RLSLREKAVA YVNSYGEFVE HHKIKATNKK GQETYYTAAQ
   301  FVIATGERPR YLGIQGDKEY CITSDDLFSL PYCPGKTLVV GASYVALECA GFLAGFGLDV
   361  TVMVRSILLR GFDQEMAEKV GSYMEQHGVK FLRKFIPVMV QQLEKGSPGK LKVLAKSTEG
   421  TETIEGVYNT VLLAIGRDSC TRKIGLEKIG VKINEKSGKI PVNDVEQTNV PYVYAVGDIL
   481  EDKPELTPVA IQSGKLLAQR LFGASLEKCD YINVPTTVFT PLEYGCCGLS EEKAIEVYKK
   541  ENLEIYHTLF WPLEWTVAGR ENNTCYAKII CNKFDHDRVI GFHILGPNAG EVTQGFAAAM
   601  KCGLTKQLLD DTIGIHPTCG EVFTTLEITK SSGLDITQKG CUG

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TXNRD3 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0
Highest tissue expression
19 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • testis: 19 nTPM
  • liver: 8.1 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 7.7 nTPM
  • ovary: 6.5 nTPM
  • pancreas: 6 nTPM
  • breast: 5.7 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • early primary spermatocytes: 116 nCPM
  • myonuclei: 89 nCPM
  • gonadotrophs: 66 nCPM
  • late primary spermatocytes: 63 nCPM
  • cardiomyocytes: 56 nCPM
  • lactotrophs: 49 nCPM

Immune cell

  • naive CD4 T-cell: 1 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 0.3 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0.2 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 0.2 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 0.2 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 0.2 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 9.4 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 9.4 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 8.9 nTPM
  • midbrain: 8.7 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 8.7 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 8.4 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.95
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
1.6

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 7% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TXNRD3 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TXNRD3 could matter depends on whether native TXNRD3 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TXNRD3 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TXNRD3 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TXNRD3. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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