Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GLRX2

Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial

Also known as: bA101E13.1, GLRX2_HUMAN, GRX2

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q9NS18
Gene
GLRX2
Ensembl
ENSG00000023572
Chromosome
1
Canonical length
164 aa
Protein class
Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Vesicles
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glutaredoxin family of proteins, which maintain cellular thiol homeostasis. These proteins are thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that use a glutathione-binding site and one or two active cysteines in their active site. This gene undergoes alternative splicing to produce multiple isoforms, one of which is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to mitochondria, where it functions in mitochondrial redox homeostasis and is important for the protection against and recovery from oxidative stress. Other isoforms, which have more restrictive expression patterns, show cytosolic and nuclear localization, and are thought to function in cellular differentiation and transformation, possibly with a role in tumor progression. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

164 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9NS18|GLRX2
     1  MIWRRAALAG TRLVWSRSGS AGWLDRAAGA AGAAAAAASG MESNTSSSLE NLATAPVNQI
    61  QETISDNCVV IFSKTSCSYC TMAKKLFHDM NVNYKVVELD LLEYGNQFQD ALYKMTGERT
   121  VPRIFVNGTF IGGATDTHRL HKEGKLLPLV HQCYLKKSKR KEFQ

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GLRX2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.44
Highest tissue expression
31 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • skeletal muscle: 31 nTPM
  • heart muscle: 30 nTPM
  • testis: 27 nTPM
  • tongue: 23 nTPM
  • liver: 21 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 20 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • late spermatids: 2,934 nCPM
  • early spermatids: 1,047 nCPM
  • late primary spermatocytes: 137 nCPM
  • megakaryocytes: 93 nCPM
  • esophageal suprabasal cells: 77 nCPM
  • esophageal basal cells: 69 nCPM

Immune cell

  • non-classical monocyte: 30 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 27 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 23 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 23 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 19 nTPM
  • T-reg: 19 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 14 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 13 nTPM
  • pons: 12 nTPM
  • white matter: 11 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 10 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 9.9 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.62
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.39
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.07
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 8% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GLRX2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GLRX2 could matter depends on whether native GLRX2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GLRX2 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GLRX2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/GLRX2. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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