Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

RELA

Transcription factor p65

Also known as: NFKB3, p65, TF65_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q04206
Gene
RELA
Ensembl
ENSG00000173039
Chromosome
11
Canonical length
551 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, RAS pathway related proteins, Transcription factors
Subcellular location
Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

551 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q04206|RELA
     1  MDELFPLIFP AEPAQASGPY VEIIEQPKQR GMRFRYKCEG RSAGSIPGER STDTTKTHPT
    61  IKINGYTGPG TVRISLVTKD PPHRPHPHEL VGKDCRDGFY EAELCPDRCI HSFQNLGIQC
   121  VKKRDLEQAI SQRIQTNNNP FQVPIEEQRG DYDLNAVRLC FQVTVRDPSG RPLRLPPVLS
   181  HPIFDNRAPN TAELKICRVN RNSGSCLGGD EIFLLCDKVQ KEDIEVYFTG PGWEARGSFS
   241  QADVHRQVAI VFRTPPYADP SLQAPVRVSM QLRRPSDREL SEPMEFQYLP DTDDRHRIEE
   301  KRKRTYETFK SIMKKSPFSG PTDPRPPPRR IAVPSRSSAS VPKPAPQPYP FTSSLSTINY
   361  DEFPTMVFPS GQISQASALA PAPPQVLPQA PAPAPAPAMV SALAQAPAPV PVLAPGPPQA
   421  VAPPAPKPTQ AGEGTLSEAL LQLQFDDEDL GALLGNSTDP AVFTDLASVD NSEFQQLLNQ
   481  GIPVAPHTTE PMLMEYPEAI TRLVTGAQRP PDPAPAPLGA PGLPNGLLSG DEDFSSIADM
   541  DFSALLSQIS S

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against RELA can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.49
Highest tissue expression
89 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • blood vessel: 89 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 76 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 75 nTPM
  • lung: 71 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 69 nTPM
  • skin: 67 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • esophageal apical cells: 156 nCPM
  • neutrophils: 71 nCPM
  • urothelial cells: 70 nCPM
  • epididymal basal cells: 70 nCPM
  • esophageal suprabasal cells: 65 nCPM
  • megakaryocytes: 62 nCPM

Immune cell

  • MAIT T-cell: 26 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 25 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 23 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 22 nTPM
  • T-reg: 21 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 21 nTPM

Brain region

  • medulla oblongata: 50 nTPM
  • white matter: 42 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 42 nTPM
  • thalamus: 41 nTPM
  • pons: 40 nTPM
  • midbrain: 38 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about RELA.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions RELA is implicated in, by any mechanism.

  • Autoinflammatory disease, familial, Behcet-like 3 (AIFBL3) MIM:618287

Disease | GeneticClinVar

42 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 529 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on RELA was assayed in.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.18
gnomAD pLI
1
gnomAD missense Z
2.45
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.41
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of RELA in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads RELA as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against RELA could matter depends on whether native RELA is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

RELA is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label RELA as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/RELA. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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