Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

RAD51

DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1

Also known as: BRCC5, FANCR, HsRad51, HsT16930, RAD51_HUMAN, RAD51A, RECA

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q06609
Gene
RAD51
Ensembl
ENSG00000051180
Chromosome
15
Canonical length
339 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoli,Mitochondria,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homooligomer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, and are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein can interact with the ssDNA-binding protein RPA and RAD52, and it is thought to play roles in homologous pairing and strand transfer of DNA. This protein is also found to interact with BRCA1 and BRCA2, which may be important for the cellular response to DNA damage. BRCA2 is shown to regulate both the intracellular localization and DNA-binding ability of this protein. Loss of these controls following BRCA2 inactivation may be a key event leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

339 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q06609|RAD51
     1  MAMQMQLEAN ADTSVEEESF GPQPISRLEQ CGINANDVKK LEEAGFHTVE AVAYAPKKEL
    61  INIKGISEAK ADKILAEAAK LVPMGFTTAT EFHQRRSEII QITTGSKELD KLLQGGIETG
   121  SITEMFGEFR TGKTQICHTL AVTCQLPIDR GGGEGKAMYI DTEGTFRPER LLAVAERYGL
   181  SGSDVLDNVA YARAFNTDHQ TQLLYQASAM MVESRYALLI VDSATALYRT DYSGRGELSA
   241  RQMHLARFLR MLLRLADEFG VAVVITNQVV AQVDGAAMFA ADPKKPIGGN IIAHASTTRL
   301  YLRKGRGETR ICKIYDSPCL PEAEAMFAIN ADGVGDAKD

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against RAD51 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.29
Highest tissue expression
23 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • testis: 23 nTPM
  • thymus: 15 nTPM
  • tonsil: 13 nTPM
  • lymph node: 10 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 9.9 nTPM
  • rectum: 8.5 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • extravillous trophoblasts: 89 nCPM
  • oocytes: 83 nCPM
  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 61 nCPM
  • late primary spermatocytes: 57 nCPM
  • early primary spermatocytes: 54 nCPM
  • epicardial cells: 52 nCPM

Immune cell

  • T-reg: 5.9 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 3.1 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 2.5 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 2.4 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 1.8 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 1.7 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 4.9 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 2.9 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 2.8 nTPM
  • pons: 2.5 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 2.4 nTPM
  • white matter: 2.4 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about RAD51.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions RAD51 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

14 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 504 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for RAD51 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

2 publications

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.64
gnomAD pLI
0.03
gnomAD missense Z
2.62
DepMap mean gene effect
-1.46
DepMap dependency class
pan

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of RAD51 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads RAD51 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against RAD51 could matter depends on whether native RAD51 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

RAD51 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label RAD51 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/RAD51. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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