Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

IL24

Interleukin-24

Also known as: C49A, FISP, IL-24, IL10B, IL24_HUMAN, mda-7, Mob-5, ST16

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q13007
Gene: IL24
Ensembl: ENSG00000162892
Chromosome: 1
Canonical length: 206 aa
Protein class: Cancer-related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location: Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the IL10 family of cytokines. It was identified as a gene induced during terminal differentiation in melanoma cells. The protein encoded by this gene can induce apoptosis selectively in various cancer cells. Overexpression of this gene leads to elevated expression of several GADD family genes, which correlates with the induction of apoptosis. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK7/P38), and heat shock 27kDa protein 1 (HSPB2/HSP27) are found to be induced by this gene in melanoma cells, but not in normal immortal melanocytes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

206 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q13007|IL24
     1  MNFQQRLQSL WTLARPFCPP LLATASQMQM VVLPCLGFTL LLWSQVSGAQ GQEFHFGPCQ
    61  VKGVVPQKLW EAFWAVKDTM QAQDNITSAR LLQQEVLQNV SDAESCYLVH TLLEFYLKTV
   121  FKNYHNRTVE VRTLKSFSTL ANNFVLIVSQ LQPSQENEMF SIRDSAHRRF LLFRRAFKQL
   181  DVEAALTKAL GEVDILLTWM QKFYKL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against IL24 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.36
Highest tissue expression: 14 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

urinary bladder: 14 nTPM
lymph node: 5.5 nTPM
spleen: 4.1 nTPM
appendix: 3.4 nTPM
small intestine: 2.6 nTPM
adipose tissue: 2.2 nTPM

Single-cell type

pericytes: 121 nCPM
epicardial cells: 32 nCPM
b-cells: 11 nCPM
vascular smooth muscle cells: 5.2 nCPM
basal keratinocytes: 4.8 nCPM
t-cells: 4.4 nCPM

Immune cell

memory B-cell: 5.4 nTPM
naive B-cell: 5 nTPM
naive CD4 T-cell: 3.7 nTPM
naive CD8 T-cell: 2.9 nTPM
memory CD8 T-cell: 2.7 nTPM
T-reg: 2 nTPM

Brain region

midbrain: 1.1 nTPM
hypothalamus: 0.8 nTPM
pons: 0.8 nTPM
thalamus: 0.7 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 0.6 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 0.6 nTPM

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for IL24 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

2 publications

IL-24 is a common and specific autoantigen of IgE in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.
2018 · J Allergy Clin Immunol · RCR 8.9 · 182 citations
Immunological effects and potential mechanisms of action of autologous serum therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria.
2019 · J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol · RCR 1.6 · 24 citations

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.55
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: 0.41
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.01
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

cytokine activity

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of IL24 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads IL24 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against IL24 could matter depends on whether native IL24 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

IL24 is annotated as secreted, so native IL24 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label IL24 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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