Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

RAF1

RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase

Also known as: c-Raf, CRAF, Raf-1, RAF1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P04049
Gene
RAF1
Ensembl
ENSG00000132155
Chromosome
3
Canonical length
648 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Enzymes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, RAS pathway related proteins
Subcellular location
Plasma membrane,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

648 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P04049|RAF1
     1  MEHIQGAWKT ISNGFGFKDA VFDGSSCISP TIVQQFGYQR RASDDGKLTD PSKTSNTIRV
    61  FLPNKQRTVV NVRNGMSLHD CLMKALKVRG LQPECCAVFR LLHEHKGKKA RLDWNTDAAS
   121  LIGEELQVDF LDHVPLTTHN FARKTFLKLA FCDICQKFLL NGFRCQTCGY KFHEHCSTKV
   181  PTMCVDWSNI RQLLLFPNST IGDSGVPALP SLTMRRMRES VSRMPVSSQH RYSTPHAFTF
   241  NTSSPSSEGS LSQRQRSTST PNVHMVSTTL PVDSRMIEDA IRSHSESASP SALSSSPNNL
   301  SPTGWSQPKT PVPAQRERAP VSGTQEKNKI RPRGQRDSSY YWEIEASEVM LSTRIGSGSF
   361  GTVYKGKWHG DVAVKILKVV DPTPEQFQAF RNEVAVLRKT RHVNILLFMG YMTKDNLAIV
   421  TQWCEGSSLY KHLHVQETKF QMFQLIDIAR QTAQGMDYLH AKNIIHRDMK SNNIFLHEGL
   481  TVKIGDFGLA TVKSRWSGSQ QVEQPTGSVL WMAPEVIRMQ DNNPFSFQSD VYSYGIVLYE
   541  LMTGELPYSH INNRDQIIFM VGRGYASPDL SKLYKNCPKA MKRLVADCVK KVKEERPLFP
   601  QILSSIELLQ HSLPKINRSA SEPSLHRAAH TEDINACTLT TSPRLPVF

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against RAF1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.43
Highest tissue expression
163 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • skeletal muscle: 163 nTPM
  • tongue: 103 nTPM
  • heart muscle: 85 nTPM
  • liver: 59 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 54 nTPM
  • kidney: 42 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neutrophils: 859 nCPM
  • neutrophil progenitors: 327 nCPM
  • myonuclei: 292 nCPM
  • esophageal apical cells: 271 nCPM
  • rod photoreceptor cells: 215 nCPM
  • cardiomyocytes: 181 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 150 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 48 nTPM
  • basophil: 36 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 29 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 27 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 26 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 31 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 31 nTPM
  • thalamus: 31 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 30 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 28 nTPM
  • white matter: 28 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about RAF1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions RAF1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

55 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 1,355 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.35
gnomAD pLI
0.85
gnomAD missense Z
2.46
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.22
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 7% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of RAF1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads RAF1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against RAF1 could matter depends on whether native RAF1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

RAF1 is annotated at the cell surface, where native RAF1 is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label RAF1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/RAF1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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