Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

BRAF

Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf

Also known as: BRAF_HUMAN, BRAF-1, BRAF1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P15056
Gene
BRAF
Ensembl
ENSG00000157764
Chromosome
7
Canonical length
766 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Enzymes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location
Vesicles,Plasma membrane,Primary cilium,Centriolar satellite,Basal body,Cytosol,Mid piece,Principal piece,End piece
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the RAF family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This protein plays a role in regulating the MAP kinase/ERK signaling pathway, which affects cell division, differentiation, and secretion. Mutations in this gene, most commonly the V600E mutation, are the most frequently identified cancer-causing mutations in melanoma, and have been identified in various other cancers as well, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer, thyroid carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, hairy cell leukemia and adenocarcinoma of lung. Mutations in this gene are also associated with cardiofaciocutaneous, Noonan, and Costello syndromes, which exhibit overlapping phenotypes. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

766 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P15056|BRAF
     1  MAALSGGGGG GAEPGQALFN GDMEPEAGAG AGAAASSAAD PAIPEEVWNI KQMIKLTQEH
    61  IEALLDKFGG EHNPPSIYLE AYEEYTSKLD ALQQREQQLL ESLGNGTDFS VSSSASMDTV
   121  TSSSSSSLSV LPSSLSVFQN PTDVARSNPK SPQKPIVRVF LPNKQRTVVP ARCGVTVRDS
   181  LKKALMMRGL IPECCAVYRI QDGEKKPIGW DTDISWLTGE ELHVEVLENV PLTTHNFVRK
   241  TFFTLAFCDF CRKLLFQGFR CQTCGYKFHQ RCSTEVPLMC VNYDQLDLLF VSKFFEHHPI
   301  PQEEASLAET ALTSGSSPSA PASDSIGPQI LTSPSPSKSI PIPQPFRPAD EDHRNQFGQR
   361  DRSSSAPNVH INTIEPVNID DLIRDQGFRG DGGSTTGLSA TPPASLPGSL TNVKALQKSP
   421  GPQRERKSSS SSEDRNRMKT LGRRDSSDDW EIPDGQITVG QRIGSGSFGT VYKGKWHGDV
   481  AVKMLNVTAP TPQQLQAFKN EVGVLRKTRH VNILLFMGYS TKPQLAIVTQ WCEGSSLYHH
   541  LHIIETKFEM IKLIDIARQT AQGMDYLHAK SIIHRDLKSN NIFLHEDLTV KIGDFGLATV
   601  KSRWSGSHQF EQLSGSILWM APEVIRMQDK NPYSFQSDVY AFGIVLYELM TGQLPYSNIN
   661  NRDQIIFMVG RGYLSPDLSK VRSNCPKAMK RLMAECLKKK RDERPLFPQI LASIELLARS
   721  LPKIHRSASE PSLNRAGFQT EDFSLYACAS PKTPIQAGGY GAFPVH

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against BRAF can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.44
Highest tissue expression
16 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • retina: 16 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 15 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 13 nTPM
  • testis: 13 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 11 nTPM
  • ovary: 11 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neutrophils: 2,034 nCPM
  • syncytiotrophoblasts: 959 nCPM
  • neutrophil progenitors: 890 nCPM
  • somatotrophs: 677 nCPM
  • lactotrophs: 631 nCPM
  • mast cells: 584 nCPM

Immune cell

  • eosinophil: 4.1 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 3.5 nTPM
  • naive CD4 T-cell: 2.6 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 2.1 nTPM
  • basophil: 1.9 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 1.5 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 42 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 34 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 32 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 31 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 30 nTPM
  • white matter: 30 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about BRAF.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions BRAF is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

129 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 1,560 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on BRAF was assayed in.

  • papillary thyroid carcinoma T cell
  • poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma T cell

Disease | AutoantibodyPubMed

Conditions in which antibodies against BRAF are reported. Each links to that disease's full target list.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for BRAF from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

7 publications

Show 2 more

Reference: T cellIEDB

2 publications

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.21
gnomAD pLI
1
gnomAD missense Z
3.72
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.11
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 7% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of BRAF in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads BRAF as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against BRAF could matter depends on whether native BRAF is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

BRAF is annotated at the cell surface, where native BRAF is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label BRAF as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/BRAF. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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