Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PARP1

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1

Also known as: ADPRT, ARTD1, PARP, PARP1_HUMAN, PARS, Poly-PARP, PPOL

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P09874
Gene
PARP1
Ensembl
ENSG00000143799
Chromosome
1
Canonical length
1014 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Enzymes, FDA approved drug targets, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Nucleoli
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. In addition, this enzyme may be the site of mutation in Fanconi anemia, and may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

1014 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P09874|PARP1
     1  MAESSDKLYR VEYAKSGRAS CKKCSESIPK DSLRMAIMVQ SPMFDGKVPH WYHFSCFWKV
    61  GHSIRHPDVE VDGFSELRWD DQQKVKKTAE AGGVTGKGQD GIGSKAEKTL GDFAAEYAKS
   121  NRSTCKGCME KIEKGQVRLS KKMVDPEKPQ LGMIDRWYHP GCFVKNREEL GFRPEYSASQ
   181  LKGFSLLATE DKEALKKQLP GVKSEGKRKG DEVDGVDEVA KKKSKKEKDK DSKLEKALKA
   241  QNDLIWNIKD ELKKVCSTND LKELLIFNKQ QVPSGESAIL DRVADGMVFG ALLPCEECSG
   301  QLVFKSDAYY CTGDVTAWTK CMVKTQTPNR KEWVTPKEFR EISYLKKLKV KKQDRIFPPE
   361  TSASVAATPP PSTASAPAAV NSSASADKPL SNMKILTLGK LSRNKDEVKA MIEKLGGKLT
   421  GTANKASLCI STKKEVEKMN KKMEEVKEAN IRVVSEDFLQ DVSASTKSLQ ELFLAHILSP
   481  WGAEVKAEPV EVVAPRGKSG AALSKKSKGQ VKEEGINKSE KRMKLTLKGG AAVDPDSGLE
   541  HSAHVLEKGG KVFSATLGLV DIVKGTNSYY KLQLLEDDKE NRYWIFRSWG RVGTVIGSNK
   601  LEQMPSKEDA IEHFMKLYEE KTGNAWHSKN FTKYPKKFYP LEIDYGQDEE AVKKLTVNPG
   661  TKSKLPKPVQ DLIKMIFDVE SMKKAMVEYE IDLQKMPLGK LSKRQIQAAY SILSEVQQAV
   721  SQGSSDSQIL DLSNRFYTLI PHDFGMKKPP LLNNADSVQA KVEMLDNLLD IEVAYSLLRG
   781  GSDDSSKDPI DVNYEKLKTD IKVVDRDSEE AEIIRKYVKN THATTHNAYD LEVIDIFKIE
   841  REGECQRYKP FKQLHNRRLL WHGSRTTNFA GILSQGLRIA PPEAPVTGYM FGKGIYFADM
   901  VSKSANYCHT SQGDPIGLIL LGEVALGNMY ELKHASHISK LPKGKHSVKG LGKTTPDPSA
   961  NISLDGVDVP LGTGISSGVN DTSLLYNEYI VYDIAQVNLK YLLKLKFNFK TSLW

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PARP1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.3
Highest tissue expression
141 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • tonsil: 141 nTPM
  • lymph node: 117 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 89 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 89 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 74 nTPM
  • tongue: 66 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • cytotrophoblasts: 606 nCPM
  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 329 nCPM
  • differentiating spermatogonia: 252 nCPM
  • megakaryocyte progenitors: 244 nCPM
  • plasma cells: 214 nCPM
  • oocytes: 203 nCPM

Immune cell

  • memory B-cell: 72 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 70 nTPM
  • T-reg: 49 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 45 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 43 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 37 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 109 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 96 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 89 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 80 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 78 nTPM
  • thalamus: 77 nTPM

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for PARP1 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

4 publications

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.48
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.82
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.18
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 10% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of PARP1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PARP1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PARP1 could matter depends on whether native PARP1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PARP1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PARP1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/PARP1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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