Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

NPM1

Nucleophosmin

Also known as: B23, NPM, NPM_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P06748
Gene
NPM1
Ensembl
ENSG00000181163
Chromosome
5
Canonical length
294 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Nucleoli rim

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in several cellular processes, including centrosome duplication, protein chaperoning, and cell proliferation. The encoded phosphoprotein shuttles between the nucleolus, nucleus, and cytoplasm, chaperoning ribosomal proteins and core histones from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This protein is also known to sequester the tumor suppressor ARF in the nucleolus, protecting it from degradation until it is needed. Mutations in this gene are associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Dozens of pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

294 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P06748|NPM1
     1  MEDSMDMDMS PLRPQNYLFG CELKADKDYH FKVDNDENEH QLSLRTVSLG AGAKDELHIV
    61  EAEAMNYEGS PIKVTLATLK MSVQPTVSLG GFEITPPVVL RLKCGSGPVH ISGQHLVAVE
   121  EDAESEDEEE EDVKLLSISG KRSAPGGGSK VPQKKVKLAA DEDDDDDDEE DDDEDDDDDD
   181  FDDEEAEEKA PVKKSIRDTP AKNAQKSNQN GKDSKPSSTP RSKGQESFKK QEKTPKTPKG
   241  PSSVEDIKAK MQASIEKGGS LPKVEAKFIN YVKNCFRMTD QEAIQDLWQW RKSL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against NPM1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.5
Highest tissue expression
1,213 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • ovary: 1,213 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 744 nTPM
  • pancreas: 733 nTPM
  • lymph node: 725 nTPM
  • tonsil: 713 nTPM
  • thymus: 637 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 1,912 nCPM
  • esophageal basal cells: 1,540 nCPM
  • extravillous trophoblasts: 1,466 nCPM
  • fallopian secretory cells: 1,428 nCPM
  • epididymal efferent duct absorptive cells: 1,321 nCPM
  • cytotrophoblasts: 1,276 nCPM

Immune cell

  • naive CD4 T-cell: 1,192 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 1,073 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 975 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 850 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 835 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 834 nTPM

Brain region

  • spinal cord: 222 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 214 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 203 nTPM
  • white matter: 198 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 180 nTPM
  • pons: 168 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about NPM1.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

8 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 90 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on NPM1 was assayed in.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for NPM1 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

10 publications

Show 5 more

Reference: B cellIEDB

1 publication

Reference: T cellIEDB

2 publications

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.16
gnomAD pLI
1
gnomAD missense Z
1.95
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.8
DepMap dependency class
common

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of NPM1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads NPM1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against NPM1 could matter depends on whether native NPM1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

NPM1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label NPM1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/NPM1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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