Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

HNRNPA1

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1

Also known as: ALS20, hnRNP-A1, HNRPA1, ROA1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P09651
Gene
HNRNPA1
Ensembl
ENSG00000135486
Chromosome
12
Canonical length
372 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of a family of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which are RNA-binding proteins that associate with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and influence pre-mRNA processing, as well as other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the most abundant core proteins of hnRNP complexes and plays a key role in the regulation of alternative splicing. Mutations in this gene have been observed in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 20. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. There are numerous pseudogenes of this gene distributed throughout the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

372 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P09651|HNRNPA1
     1  MSKSESPKEP EQLRKLFIGG LSFETTDESL RSHFEQWGTL TDCVVMRDPN TKRSRGFGFV
    61  TYATVEEVDA AMNARPHKVD GRVVEPKRAV SREDSQRPGA HLTVKKIFVG GIKEDTEEHH
   121  LRDYFEQYGK IEVIEIMTDR GSGKKRGFAF VTFDDHDSVD KIVIQKYHTV NGHNCEVRKA
   181  LSKQEMASAS SSQRGRSGSG NFGGGRGGGF GGNDNFGRGG NFSGRGGFGG SRGGGGYGGS
   241  GDGYNGFGND GGYGGGGPGY SGGSRGYGSG GQGYGNQGSG YGGSGSYDSY NNGGGGGFGG
   301  GSGSNFGGGG SYNDFGNYNN QSSNFGPMKG GNFGGRSSGP YGGGGQYFAK PRNQGGYGGS
   361  SSSSSYGSGR RF

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against HNRNPA1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.52
Highest tissue expression
1,233 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • ovary: 1,233 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 1,028 nTPM
  • thymus: 943 nTPM
  • tonsil: 774 nTPM
  • cervix: 673 nTPM
  • lymph node: 642 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • extravillous trophoblasts: 736 nCPM
  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 631 nCPM
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors: 597 nCPM
  • erythrocyte progenitors: 562 nCPM
  • ovarian stromal cells: 472 nCPM
  • basal keratinocytes: 468 nCPM

Immune cell

  • total PBMC: 1,337 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 896 nTPM
  • naive CD4 T-cell: 854 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 825 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 813 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 749 nTPM

Brain region

  • spinal cord: 311 nTPM
  • white matter: 277 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 270 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 263 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 262 nTPM
  • pons: 245 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about HNRNPA1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions HNRNPA1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

  • Inclusion body myopathy with early-onset Paget disease with or without frontotemporal dementia 3 (IBMPFD3) MIM:615424
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 20 (ALS20) MIM:615426
  • Myopathy, distal, 3 (MPD3) MIM:610099

Disease | GeneticClinVar

21 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 121 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
  • Inclusion body myopathy with early-onset Paget disease with or without frontotemporal dementia 3
  • Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 20
  • Finnish upper limb-onset distal myopathy

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for HNRNPA1 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

13 publications

Show 8 more

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.15
gnomAD pLI
1
gnomAD missense Z
2.82
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.43
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of HNRNPA1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads HNRNPA1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against HNRNPA1 could matter depends on whether native HNRNPA1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

HNRNPA1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label HNRNPA1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/HNRNPA1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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