Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

STAT1

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta

Also known as: ISGF-3, STAT1_HUMAN, STAT91

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P42224
Gene
STAT1
Ensembl
ENSG00000115415
Chromosome
2
Canonical length
750 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Transcription factors
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. The protein encoded by this gene can be activated by various ligands including interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes, which is thought to be important for cell viability in response to different cell stimuli and pathogens. The protein plays an important role in immune responses to viral, fungal and mycobacterial pathogens. Mutations in this gene are associated with Immunodeficiency 31B, 31A, and 31C. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

750 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P42224|STAT1
     1  MSQWYELQQL DSKFLEQVHQ LYDDSFPMEI RQYLAQWLEK QDWEHAANDV SFATIRFHDL
    61  LSQLDDQYSR FSLENNFLLQ HNIRKSKRNL QDNFQEDPIQ MSMIIYSCLK EERKILENAQ
   121  RFNQAQSGNI QSTVMLDKQK ELDSKVRNVK DKVMCIEHEI KSLEDLQDEY DFKCKTLQNR
   181  EHETNGVAKS DQKQEQLLLK KMYLMLDNKR KEVVHKIIEL LNVTELTQNA LINDELVEWK
   241  RRQQSACIGG PPNACLDQLQ NWFTIVAESL QQVRQQLKKL EELEQKYTYE HDPITKNKQV
   301  LWDRTFSLFQ QLIQSSFVVE RQPCMPTHPQ RPLVLKTGVQ FTVKLRLLVK LQELNYNLKV
   361  KVLFDKDVNE RNTVKGFRKF NILGTHTKVM NMEESTNGSL AAEFRHLQLK EQKNAGTRTN
   421  EGPLIVTEEL HSLSFETQLC QPGLVIDLET TSLPVVVISN VSQLPSGWAS ILWYNMLVAE
   481  PRNLSFFLTP PCARWAQLSE VLSWQFSSVT KRGLNVDQLN MLGEKLLGPN ASPDGLIPWT
   541  RFCKENINDK NFPFWLWIES ILELIKKHLL PLWNDGCIMG FISKERERAL LKDQQPGTFL
   601  LRFSESSREG AITFTWVERS QNGGEPDFHA VEPYTKKELS AVTFPDIIRN YKVMAAENIP
   661  ENPLKYLYPN IDKDHAFGKY YSRPKEAPEP MELDGPKGTG YIKTELISVS EVHPSRLQTT
   721  DNLLPMSPEE FDEVSRIVGS VEFDSMMNTV

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against STAT1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.3
Highest tissue expression
137 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • lymph node: 137 nTPM
  • appendix: 110 nTPM
  • spleen: 110 nTPM
  • salivary gland: 103 nTPM
  • thymus: 98 nTPM
  • lung: 66 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • epicardial cells: 2,065 nCPM
  • mesothelial cells: 517 nCPM
  • retinal ganglion cells: 398 nCPM
  • fibro-adipogenic progenitors: 378 nCPM
  • thymocytes: 374 nCPM
  • cardiomyocytes: 340 nCPM

Immune cell

  • T-reg: 230 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 209 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 205 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 191 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 143 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 131 nTPM

Brain region

  • spinal cord: 79 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 60 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 53 nTPM
  • pons: 46 nTPM
  • white matter: 45 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 40 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about STAT1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions STAT1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

98 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 807 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Autoimmune enteropathy and endocrinopathy - susceptibility to chronic infections syndrome
  • Immunodeficiency 31B
  • Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to partial STAT1 deficiency
  • Inherited Immunodeficiency Diseases
  • STAT1-related disorder

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on STAT1 was assayed in.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.19
gnomAD pLI
1
gnomAD missense Z
5.15
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.01
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of STAT1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads STAT1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against STAT1 could matter depends on whether native STAT1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

STAT1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label STAT1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/STAT1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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