GNAT domain
IPR000182
Definition
This entry represents the entire GNAT domain. The N-acetyltransferases (NAT) ([ec:2.3.1.-]) are enzymes that use acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) to transfer an acetyl group to a substrate, a reaction implicated in various functions from bacterial antibiotic resistance to mammalian circadian rhythm and chromatin remodelling. The Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferases (GNAT) catalyse the transfer of the acetyl from the CoA donor to a primary amine of the acceptor. The GNAT proteins share a domain composed of four conserved sequence motifs A-D [[cite:PMID:9175471], [cite:PMID:10940244]]. This GNAT domain is named after yeast GCN5 (from General Control Nonrepressed) and related histone acetyltransferases (HATs) like Hat1 and PCAF. HATs acetylate lysine residues of N-terminal histone tails, resulting in transcription activation. Another category of GNAT, the aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferases, confer antibiotic resistance by catalysing the acetylation of amino groups in aminoglycoside antibiotics PMID:12592013. GNAT proteins can also have anabolic and catabolic functions in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes [[cite:PMID:9175471], [cite:PMID:10940244], [cite:PMID:12592013], [cite:PMID:12527305], [cite:PMID:15581578]]. The acetyltransferase/GNAT domain forms a structurally conserved fold of 6 to 7 β-strands (B) and 4 helices (H) in the topology B1-H1-H2-B2-B3-B4-H3-B5-H4-B6, followed by a C-terminal strand which may be from the same monomer or contributed by another [[cite:PMID:10940244], [cite:PMID:15581578]]. Motifs D (B2-B3), A (B4-H3) and B (B5-H4) are collectively called the HAT core [[cite:PMID:10940244], [cite:PMID:12527305], [cite:PMID:15581578]], while the N-terminal motif C (B1-H1) is less conserved. Some proteins known to contain a GNAT domain: Actinobacterial mycothiol acetyltransferase (MshD), which catalyses the transfer of acetyl from acetyl-CoA to desacetylmycothiol to form mycothiol. Yeast GCN5 and Hat1, which are histone acetyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.48). Human PCAF, a histone acetyltransferase. Mammalian serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) or arylalkylamine NAT (AANAT), which acetylates serotonin into a circadian neurohormone that may participate in light-dark rhythms, and human mood and behaviour. Mammalian glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA1) (EC 2.3.1.4). Escherichia coli RimI and RimJ, which acetylate the N-terminal alanine of ribosomal proteins S18 and S5, respectively (EC 2.3.1.128). Mycobacterium tuberculosis aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase (Aac), which acetylates the 2' hydroxyl or amino group of a broad spectrum of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Bacillus subtilis BltD and PaiA, which acetylate spermine and spermidine.
25 human proteins with this domain
Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.
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