Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

AANAT

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase

Also known as: SNAT, SNAT_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q16613
Gene
AANAT
Ensembl
ENSG00000129673
Chromosome
17
Canonical length
207 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Human disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acetyltransferase superfamily. It is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin synthesis and controls the night/day rhythm in melatonin production in the vertebrate pineal gland. Melatonin is essential for the function of the circadian clock that influences activity and sleep. This enzyme is regulated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation that promotes its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thus protects the enzyme against proteasomal degradation. This gene may contribute to numerous genetic diseases such as delayed sleep phase syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

207 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q16613|AANAT
     1  MSTQSTHPLK PEAPRLPPGI PESPSCQRRH TLPASEFRCL TPEDAVSAFE IEREAFISVL
    61  GVCPLYLDEI RHFLTLCPEL SLGWFEEGCL VAFIIGSLWD KERLMQESLT LHRSGGHIAH
   121  LHVLAVHRAF RQQGRGPILL WRYLHHLGSQ PAVRRAALMC EDALVPFYER FSFHAVGPCA
   181  ITVGSLTFME LHCSLRGHPF LRRNSGC

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against AANAT can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.35
Highest tissue expression
10 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • retina: 10 nTPM
  • testis: 4.5 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 2.3 nTPM
  • appendix: 1.5 nTPM
  • lymph node: 1.4 nTPM
  • skin: 1.3 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • retinal bipolar cells: 176 nCPM
  • late spermatids: 50 nCPM
  • late primary spermatocytes: 18 nCPM
  • early primary spermatocytes: 11 nCPM
  • early spermatids: 8.1 nCPM
  • undifferentiated spermatogonia: 4.7 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 0.7 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0.5 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 0.4 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 0.3 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 0.2 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 0.1 nTPM

Brain region

  • thalamus: 6.4 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 6.3 nTPM
  • pons: 5.8 nTPM
  • midbrain: 5.6 nTPM
  • white matter: 4.9 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 4.7 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.23
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.09
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.08
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of AANAT in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads AANAT as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against AANAT could matter depends on whether native AANAT is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

AANAT is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label AANAT as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/AANAT. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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