DDIT3
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein
Also known as: CHOP, CHOP10, DDIT3_HUMAN, GADD153
Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene
Protein identityUniProt · HPA
- UniProt accession
- P35638
- Gene
- DDIT3
- Ensembl
- ENSG00000175197
- Chromosome
- 12
- Canonical length
- 169 aa
- Protein class
- Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Transcription factors
- Subcellular location
- Nucleoplasm
OverviewNCBI Gene
This gene encodes a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. The protein functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor by forming heterodimers with other C/EBP members, such as C/EBP and LAP (liver activator protein), and preventing their DNA binding activity. The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promotes apoptosis. Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in myxoid liposarcomas or Ewing sarcoma. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two isoforms with different length have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]
Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt
169 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.
>P35638|DDIT3
1 MAAESLPFSF GTLSSWELEA WYEDLQEVLS SDENGGTYVS PPGNEEEESK IFTTLDPASL
61 AWLTEEEPEP AEVTSTSQSP HSPDSSQSSL AQEEEEEDQG RTRKRKQSGH SPARAGKQRM
121 KEKEQENERK VAQLAEENER LKQEIERLTR EVEATRRALI DRMVNLHQALocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA
Whether an antibody against DDIT3 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.
- Antibody reachability
- Intracellular
- Secreted
- No
- Transmembrane segments
- 0
- Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
- 0.61
- Highest tissue expression
- 186 nTPM
Expression across tissuesHPA
Tissue
- bone marrow: 186 nTPM
- thyroid gland: 171 nTPM
- choroid plexus: 168 nTPM
- retina: 114 nTPM
- kidney: 112 nTPM
- epididymis: 103 nTPM
Single-cell type
- epididymal principal cells: 3,123 nCPM
- epididymal basal cells: 613 nCPM
- epididymal efferent duct ciliated cells: 406 nCPM
- epididymal efferent duct absorptive cells: 338 nCPM
- epididymal clear cells: 223 nCPM
- goblet cells: 206 nCPM
Immune cell
- neutrophil: 171 nTPM
- basophil: 122 nTPM
- eosinophil: 49 nTPM
- memory B-cell: 48 nTPM
- naive B-cell: 45 nTPM
- NK-cell: 36 nTPM
Brain region
- white matter: 118 nTPM
- thalamus: 73 nTPM
- hypothalamus: 57 nTPM
- midbrain: 56 nTPM
- pons: 53 nTPM
- cerebellum: 53 nTPM
DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed
Four sources answering four different questions about DDIT3.
Disease | AllUniProt
Conditions DDIT3 is implicated in, by any mechanism.
- Myxoid liposarcoma (MXLIPO) MIM:613488
Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap
Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.
- gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
- 0.68
- gnomAD pLI
- 0.59
- gnomAD missense Z
- 0.1
- DepMap mean gene effect
- -0.16
- DepMap dependency class
- selective
Cancer expressionTCGA
Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).
OntologyGO
Biological processes
- anterior/posterior axis specification
- artery development
- ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response
- blood vessel maturation
- calcium ion import
- cell redox homeostasis
- diaphragm contraction
- DNA damage response
- endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
- ER overload response
- establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
- gene expression
- HRI-mediated signaling
- integrated stress response signaling
- intracellular signal transduction
- intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
- negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
- negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis
- negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity
- negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
- negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
- negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
- negative regulation of interleukin-4 production
- negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
- negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction
- negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- negative regulation of type II interferon production
- PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
- positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
- positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
- positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
- positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
- positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
- positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
- regulation of autophagy
- regulation of cell cycle
- regulation of DNA-templated transcription
- regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
- response to caloric restriction
- response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
- response to platelet-derived growth factor
- response to starvation
- response to unfolded protein
- response to wounding
- sensory perception of sound
- vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
- vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation
- Wnt signaling pathway
- intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress
Molecular functions
- cAMP response element binding protein binding
- DNA binding
- DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
- DNA-binding transcription factor activity
- DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
- identical protein binding
- leucine zipper domain binding
- protein heterodimerization activity
- protein homodimerization activity
- RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
- transcription cis-regulatory region binding
- transcription corepressor activity
- transcription regulator activator activity
- transcription regulator inhibitor activity
Cellular components
Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro
- Basic-leucine zipper domain
- Basic region leucine zipper
- DNA damage-inducible transcript 3
KeywordsUniProt
InteractionsUniProt · HPA
Protein binding partners of DDIT3 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.
Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis
Seroatlas reads DDIT3 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against DDIT3 could matter depends on whether native DDIT3 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.
DDIT3 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.
Annotation status
The present source text does not explicitly label DDIT3 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.
Loading the interactive Seroatlas protein explorer...