Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PIWIL1

Piwi-like protein 1

Also known as: CT80.1, HIWI, PIWI, PIWL1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q96J94
Gene
PIWIL1
Ensembl
ENSG00000125207
Chromosome
12
Canonical length
861 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the PIWI subfamily of Argonaute proteins, evolutionarily conserved proteins containing both PAZ and Piwi motifs that play important roles in stem cell self-renewal, RNA silencing, and translational regulation in diverse organisms. The encoded protein may play a role as an intrinsic regulator of the self-renewal capacity of germline and hematopoietic stem cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

861 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q96J94|PIWIL1
     1  MTGRARARAR GRARGQETAQ LVGSTASQQP GYIQPRPQPP PAEGELFGRG RQRGTAGGTA
    61  KSQGLQISAG FQELSLAERG GRRRDFHDLG VNTRQNLDHV KESKTGSSGI IVRLSTNHFR
   121  LTSRPQWALY QYHIDYNPLM EARRLRSALL FQHEDLIGKC HAFDGTILFL PKRLQQKVTE
   181  VFSKTRNGED VRITITLTNE LPPTSPTCLQ FYNIIFRRLL KIMNLQQIGR NYYNPNDPID
   241  IPSHRLVIWP GFTTSILQYE NSIMLCTDVS HKVLRSETVL DFMFNFYHQT EEHKFQEQVS
   301  KELIGLVVLT KYNNKTYRVD DIDWDQNPKS TFKKADGSEV SFLEYYRKQY NQEITDLKQP
   361  VLVSQPKRRR GPGGTLPGPA MLIPELCYLT GLTDKMRNDF NVMKDLAVHT RLTPEQRQRE
   421  VGRLIDYIHK NDNVQRELRD WGLSFDSNLL SFSGRILQTE KIHQGGKTFD YNPQFADWSK
   481  ETRGAPLISV KPLDNWLLIY TRRNYEAANS LIQNLFKVTP AMGMQMRKAI MIEVDDRTEA
   541  YLRVLQQKVT ADTQIVVCLL SSNRKDKYDA IKKYLCTDCP TPSQCVVART LGKQQTVMAI
   601  ATKIALQMNC KMGGELWRVD IPLKLVMIVG IDCYHDMTAG RRSIAGFVAS INEGMTRWFS
   661  RCIFQDRGQE LVDGLKVCLQ AALRAWNSCN EYMPSRIIVY RDGVGDGQLK TLVNYEVPQF
   721  LDCLKSIGRG YNPRLTVIVV KKRVNTRFFA QSGGRLQNPL PGTVIDVEVT RPEWYDFFIV
   781  SQAVRSGSVS PTHYNVIYDN SGLKPDHIQR LTYKLCHIYY NWPGVIRVPA PCQYAHKLAF
   841  LVGQSIHREP NLSLSNRLYY L

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PIWIL1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.27
Highest tissue expression
40 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • testis: 40 nTPM
  • retina: 1.1 nTPM
  • pituitary gland: 0.7 nTPM
  • kidney: 0.4 nTPM
  • spleen: 0.4 nTPM
  • cervix: 0.1 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • late primary spermatocytes: 72 nCPM
  • early spermatids: 30 nCPM
  • late spermatids: 23 nCPM
  • rod photoreceptor cells: 16 nCPM
  • early primary spermatocytes: 10 nCPM
  • cone photoreceptor cells: 8.3 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 0.1 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 0.1 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 0.1 nTPM
  • midbrain: 0.1 nTPM
  • amygdala: 0 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 0 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about PIWIL1.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 119 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.77
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
2.9
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.02
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of PIWIL1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PIWIL1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PIWIL1 could matter depends on whether native PIWIL1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PIWIL1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PIWIL1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/PIWIL1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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