Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

NRXN1

Neurexin-1

Also known as: Hs.22998, KIAA0578, NRX1A_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q9ULB1
Gene
NRXN1
Ensembl
ENSG00000179915
Chromosome
2
Canonical length
1477 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location
Plasma membrane
Secretome location
Intracellular and membrane

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the neurexin family. Neurexins are cell-surface receptors that bind neuroligins to form Ca(2+)-dependent neurexin/neuroligin complexes at synapses in the central nervous system. This complex is required for efficient neurotransmission and is involved in the formation of synaptic contacts. Three members of this gene family have been studied in detail and are estimated to generate over 3,000 variants through the use of two alternative promoters (alpha and beta) and extensive alternative splicing in each family member. Recently, a third promoter (gamma) was identified for this gene in the 3' region. Mutations in this gene are associated with Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome-2 and may contribute to susceptibility to schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

1477 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9ULB1|NRXN1
     1  MGTALLQRGG CFLLCLSLLL LGCWAELGSG LEFPGAEGQW TRFPKWNACC ESEMSFQLKT
    61  RSARGLVLYF DDEGFCDFLE LILTRGGRLQ LSFSIFCAEP ATLLADTPVN DGAWHSVRIR
   121  RQFRNTTLFI DQVEAKWVEV KSKRRDMTVF SGLFVGGLPP ELRAAALKLT LASVREREPF
   181  KGWIRDVRVN SSQVLPVDSG EVKLDDEPPN SGGGSPCEAG EEGEGGVCLN GGVCSVVDDQ
   241  AVCDCSRTGF RGKDCSQEDN NVEGLAHLMM GDQGKSKGKE EYIATFKGSE YFCYDLSQNP
   301  IQSSSDEITL SFKTLQRNGL MLHTGKSADY VNLALKNGAV SLVINLGSGA FEALVEPVNG
   361  KFNDNAWHDV KVTRNLRQHS GIGHAMVTIS VDGILTTTGY TQEDYTMLGS DDFFYVGGSP
   421  STADLPGSPV SNNFMGCLKE VVYKNNDVRL ELSRLAKQGD PKMKIHGVVA FKCENVATLD
   481  PITFETPESF ISLPKWNAKK TGSISFDFRT TEPNGLILFS HGKPRHQKDA KHPQMIKVDF
   541  FAIEMLDGHL YLLLDMGSGT IKIKALLKKV NDGEWYHVDF QRDGRSGTIS VNTLRTPYTA
   601  PGESEILDLD DELYLGGLPE NKAGLVFPTE VWTALLNYGY VGCIRDLFID GQSKDIRQMA
   661  EVQSTAGVKP SCSKETAKPC LSNPCKNNGM CRDGWNRYVC DCSGTGYLGR SCEREATVLS
   721  YDGSMFMKIQ LPVVMHTEAE DVSLRFRSQR AYGILMATTS RDSADTLRLE LDAGRVKLTV
   781  NLDCIRINCN SSKGPETLFA GYNLNDNEWH TVRVVRRGKS LKLTVDDQQA MTGQMAGDHT
   841  RLEFHNIETG IITERRYLSS VPSNFIGHLQ SLTFNGMAYI DLCKNGDIDY CELNARFGFR
   901  NIIADPVTFK TKSSYVALAT LQAYTSMHLF FQFKTTSLDG LILYNSGDGN DFIVVELVKG
   961  YLHYVFDLGN GANLIKGSSN KPLNDNQWHN VMISRDTSNL HTVKIDTKIT TQITAGARNL
  1021  DLKSDLYIGG VAKETYKSLP KLVHAKEGFQ GCLASVDLNG RLPDLISDAL FCNGQIERGC
  1081  EGPSTTCQED SCSNQGVCLQ QWDGFSCDCS MTSFSGPLCN DPGTTYIFSK GGGQITYKWP
  1141  PNDRPSTRAD RLAIGFSTVQ KEAVLVRVDS SSGLGDYLEL HIHQGKIGVK FNVGTDDIAI
  1201  EESNAIINDG KYHVVRFTRS GGNATLQVDS WPVIERYPAG RQLTIFNSQA TIIIGGKEQG
  1261  QPFQGQLSGL YYNGLKVLNM AAENDANIAI VGNVRLVGEV PSSMTTESTA TAMQSEMSTS
  1321  IMETTTTLAT STARRGKPPT KEPISQTTDD ILVASAECPS DDEDIDPCEP SSGGLANPTR
  1381  AGGREPYPGS AEVIRESSST TGMVVGIVAA AALCILILLY AMYKYRNRDE GSYHVDESRN
  1441  YISNSAQSNG AVVKEKQPSS AKSSNKNKKN KDKEYYV

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against NRXN1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.31
Highest tissue expression
76 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • cerebral cortex: 76 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 54 nTPM
  • amygdala: 33 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 28 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 26 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 24 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: 6,784 nCPM
  • astrocytes: 5,666 nCPM
  • brain excitatory neurons: 4,368 nCPM
  • corticotrophs: 4,225 nCPM
  • schwann cells: 3,656 nCPM
  • brain inhibitory neurons: 2,457 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 1.5 nTPM
  • basophil: 0.4 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0.1 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 0.1 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 533 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 335 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 271 nTPM
  • white matter: 228 nTPM
  • amygdala: 224 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 220 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about NRXN1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions NRXN1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

100 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 2,470 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on NRXN1 was assayed in.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.25
gnomAD pLI
1
gnomAD missense Z
2.56
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.03
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of NRXN1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads NRXN1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against NRXN1 could matter depends on whether native NRXN1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

NRXN1 is annotated at the cell surface, where native NRXN1 is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label NRXN1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/NRXN1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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