Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

MRPL28

Large ribosomal subunit protein bL28m

Also known as: MAAT1, p15, RM28_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q13084
Gene
MRPL28
Ensembl
ENSG00000086504
Chromosome
16
Canonical length
256 aa
Protein class
Predicted intracellular proteins, Ribosomal proteins
Subcellular location
Mitochondria

OverviewNCBI Gene

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein, a part of which was originally isolated by its ability to recognize tyrosinase in an HLA-A24-restricted fashion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

256 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q13084|MRPL28
     1  MPLHKYPVWL WKRLQLREGI CSRLPGHYLR SLEEERTPTP VHYRPHGAKF KINPKNGQRE
    61  RVEDVPIPIY FPPESQRGLW GGEGWILGQI YANNDKLSKR LKKVWKPQLF EREFYSEILD
   121  KKFTVTVTMR TLDLIDEAYG LDFYILKTPK EDLCSKFGMD LKRGMLLRLA RQDPQLHPED
   181  PERRAAIYDK YKEFAIPEEE AEWVGLTLEE AIEKQRLLEE KDPVPLFKIY VAELIQQLQQ
   241  QALSEPAVVQ KRASGQ

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against MRPL28 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.38
Highest tissue expression
79 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • heart muscle: 79 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 77 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 75 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 75 nTPM
  • amygdala: 70 nTPM
  • testis: 67 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • late spermatids: 365 nCPM
  • late primary spermatocytes: 218 nCPM
  • esophageal basal cells: 155 nCPM
  • esophageal suprabasal cells: 148 nCPM
  • hofbauer cells: 132 nCPM
  • extravillous trophoblasts: 130 nCPM

Immune cell

  • T-reg: 126 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 123 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 121 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 119 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 116 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 107 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 46 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 46 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 46 nTPM
  • white matter: 40 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 39 nTPM
  • pons: 39 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.47
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
-1.3
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.38
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 7% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

  • Large ribosomal subunit protein bL28
  • Large ribosomal subunit protein bL28/bL31-like superfamily
  • Large ribosomal subunit protein bL28 superfamily
  • Ribosomal L28 family

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of MRPL28 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads MRPL28 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against MRPL28 could matter depends on whether native MRPL28 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

MRPL28 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label MRPL28 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/MRPL28. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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