S100A9

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession

P06702

Gene

S100A9

Ensembl

ENSG00000163220

Chromosome

1

Canonical length

114 aa

Protein class

Cancer-related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins

Subcellular location

Plasma membrane,Intermediate filaments,Cytosol

Secretome location

Secreted to blood

Quaternary structure

Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in the inhibition of casein kinase and altered expression of this protein is associated with the disease cystic fibrosis. This antimicrobial protein exhibits antifungal and antibacterial activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

114 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P06702|S100A9
     1  MTCKMSQLER NIETIINTFH QYSVKLGHPD TLNQGEFKEL VRKDLQNFLK KENKNEKVIE
    61  HIMEDLDTNA DKQLSFEEFI MLMARLTWAS HEKMHEGDEG PGHHHKPGLG EGTP

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against S100A9 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability

Cell surface

Secreted

No

Transmembrane segments

0

Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)

0.37

Highest tissue expression

30,401 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about S100A9.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on S100A9 was assayed in.

• multiple myeloma T cell
• rheumatoid arthritis B cell
• invasive ductal carcinoma T cell

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for S100A9 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)

1.46

gnomAD pLI

0.48

gnomAD missense Z

0.57

DepMap mean gene effect

0.03

DepMap dependency class

none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

• antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
• apoptotic process
• astrocyte development
• autocrine signaling
• autophagy
• cell-cell signaling
• chronic inflammatory response
• defense response to bacterium
• defense response to fungus
• endothelial cell migration
• inflammatory response
• innate immune response
• leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response
• neutrophil aggregation
• neutrophil chemotaxis
• peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation
• positive regulation of cell growth
• positive regulation of inflammatory response
• positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
• positive regulation of neuron projection development
• regulation of cytoskeleton organization
• regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response
• regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Molecular functions

• antioxidant activity
• arachidonate binding
• calcium ion binding
• calcium-dependent protein binding
• microtubule binding
• RAGE receptor binding
• Toll-like receptor 4 binding
• zinc ion binding

Cellular components

• calprotectin complex
• cytoplasm
• cytoskeleton
• cytosol
• extracellular exosome
• extracellular matrix
• extracellular region
• extracellular space
• nucleus
• plasma membrane
• secretory granule lumen
• S100A9 complex

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

• S100/Calcium binding protein 7/8-like, conserved site
• EF-hand domain
• EF-hand domain pair
• S100/CaBP-9k-type, calcium binding, subdomain
• EF-Hand 1, calcium-binding site
• S-100/ICaBP type calcium binding domain

KeywordsUniProt

• Antimicrobial
• Antioxidant
• Apoptosis
• Autophagy
• Calcium
• Cell membrane
• Chemotaxis
• Cytoplasm
• Cytoskeleton
• Immunity
• Inflammatory response
• Innate immunity
• Membrane
• Metal-binding
• Methylation
• Phosphoprotein
• Repeat
• S-nitrosylation
• Secreted
• Zinc

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of S100A9 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

• AGER
• ANXA6
• ATP2A2
• CD69
• CEACAM3
• CYBA
• CYBB
• LY96
• NOS2
• RAC1
• RAC2
• APP
• ARRB1
• ARRB2
• PINK1
• S100A8