Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

HMGA1

High mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y

Also known as: HMGA1_HUMAN, HMGIY

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P17096
Gene: HMGA1
Ensembl: ENSG00000137309
Chromosome: 6
Canonical length: 107 aa
Protein class: Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Transcription factors
Subcellular location: Nucleoplasm,Nuclear membrane,Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a chromatin-associated protein involved in the regulation of gene transcription, integration of retroviruses into chromosomes, and the metastatic progression of cancer cells. The encoded protein preferentially binds to the minor groove of AT-rich regions in double-stranded DNA. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on multiple chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

107 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P17096|HMGA1
     1  MSESSSKSSQ PLASKQEKDG TEKRGRGRPR KQPPVSPGTA LVGSQKEPSE VPTPKRPRGR
    61  PKGSKNKGAA KTRKTTTTPG RKPRGRPKKL EKEEEEGISQ ESSEEEQ

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against HMGA1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.72
Highest tissue expression: 268 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

esophagus: 268 nTPM
bone marrow: 176 nTPM
tonsil: 150 nTPM
thymus: 146 nTPM
skin: 135 nTPM
lymph node: 132 nTPM

Single-cell type

esophageal apical cells: 2,098 nCPM
migrating cytotrophoblasts: 1,125 nCPM
cytotrophoblasts: 1,096 nCPM
syncytiotrophoblasts: 790 nCPM
extravillous trophoblasts: 720 nCPM
esophageal basal cells: 595 nCPM

Immune cell

plasmacytoid DC: 88 nTPM
myeloid DC: 82 nTPM
memory B-cell: 65 nTPM
T-reg: 57 nTPM
naive CD4 T-cell: 53 nTPM
memory CD4 T-cell: 46 nTPM

Brain region

cerebral cortex: 73 nTPM
white matter: 70 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 69 nTPM
hypothalamus: 66 nTPM
thalamus: 64 nTPM
pons: 64 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.51
gnomAD pLI: 0.83
gnomAD missense Z: 1.81
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.61
DepMap dependency class: common

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of HMGA1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads HMGA1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against HMGA1 could matter depends on whether native HMGA1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

HMGA1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label HMGA1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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