Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

ATG12

Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12

Also known as: APG12, APG12L, ATG12_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
O94817
Gene
ATG12
Ensembl
ENSG00000145782
Chromosome
5
Canonical length
140 aa
Protein class
Predicted intracellular proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Vesicles

OverviewNCBI Gene

Autophagy is a process of bulk protein degradation in which cytoplasmic components, including organelles, are enclosed in double-membrane structures called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. ATG12 is the human homolog of a yeast protein involved in autophagy (Mizushima et al., 1998 [PubMed 9852036]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

140 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O94817|ATG12
     1  MAEEPQSVLQ LPTSIAAGGE GLTDVSPETT TPEPPSSAAV SPGTEEPAGD TKKKIDILLK
    61  AVGDTPIMKT KKWAVERTRT IQGLIDFIKK FLKLVASEQL FIYVNQSFAP SPDQEVGTLY
   121  ECFGSDGKLV LHYCKSQAWG

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ATG12 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.47
Highest tissue expression
18 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • spinal cord: 18 nTPM
  • liver: 17 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 15 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 15 nTPM
  • blood vessel: 14 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 14 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • extravillous trophoblasts: 193 nCPM
  • neutrophils: 143 nCPM
  • esophageal apical cells: 142 nCPM
  • mast cells: 114 nCPM
  • syncytiotrophoblasts: 111 nCPM
  • neutrophil progenitors: 102 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 21 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 19 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 18 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 17 nTPM
  • basophil: 15 nTPM
  • naive CD4 T-cell: 15 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 17 nTPM
  • pons: 15 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 14 nTPM
  • midbrain: 14 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 14 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 13 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about ATG12.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

4 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 45 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.74
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
-1.37
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.09
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of ATG12 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads ATG12 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against ATG12 could matter depends on whether native ATG12 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

ATG12 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label ATG12 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/ATG12. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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