Septin-type guanine nucleotide-binding (G) domain
IPR030379
Definition
The P-loop guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) control a multitude of biological processes, ranging from cell division, cell cycling, and signal transduction, to ribosome assembly and protein synthesis. GTPases exert their control by interchanging between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state, thereby acting as molecular switches. The common denominator of GTPases is the highly conserved guanine nucleotide-binding (G) domain that is responsible for binding and hydrolysis of guanine nucleotides. Septins are a family of eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins conserved from yeasts to humans. The septin family belongs to the guanosine-triphosphate (GTP)ase superclass of P-loop nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)ases. Septins participate in diverse cellular functions including cytokinesis, vesicle trafficking, vesicle fusion, axonal guidance and migration, diffusion barrier, scaffolds, pathogenesis and others. Septin monomers form homo- and hetero-oligomeric complexes that assemble into filaments. Structurally all septins have a GTP-binding domain flanked by N- and C-terminal regions of variable length. The GTP-binding domain is the most highly conserved and is characterised by the presence of three of the five classical GTP-binding motifs. The G1 motif (or Walker A box, GxxxxGKS/T) forms the P-loop, which interacts directly with the nucleotide, whereas the G3 (DxxG) and G4 (xKxD) motifs are respectively essential for Mg(2+) binding and for conferring GTP binding specificity over other nucleotides. The basic structure of the septin-type G domain closely resembles the canonical G domain exemplified by Ras, with six β-strands and five α-helices. A unique feature of the septin-type G domain is the presence of four additional elements compared to Ras. These are the helix alpha5' between alpha4 and beta6, the two antiparallel strands beta7 and beta8, and the alpha6 C-terminal helix that points away from the G domain at a 90deg angle relative to the axis of interaction between subunits [[cite:PMID:11916378], [cite:PMID:16009555], [cite:PMID:17637674], [cite:PMID:23163726], [cite:PMID:24367716]]. This entry represents the septin-type G domain.
13 human proteins with this domain
Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.
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