Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

WT1

Wilms tumor protein

Also known as: AWT1, GUD, NPHS4, WAGR, WIT-2, WT-1, WT1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P19544
Gene
WT1
Ensembl
ENSG00000184937
Chromosome
11
Canonical length
449 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Transcription factors
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a transcription factor that contains four zinc-finger motifs at the C-terminus and a proline/glutamine-rich DNA-binding domain at the N-terminus. It has an essential role in the normal development of the urogenital system, and it is mutated in a small subset of patients with Wilms tumor. This gene exhibits complex tissue-specific and polymorphic imprinting pattern, with biallelic, and monoallelic expression from the maternal and paternal alleles in different tissues. Multiple transcript variants have been described. In several variants, there is evidence for the use of a non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation codon upstream of, and in-frame with the first AUG. Authors of PMID:7926762 also provide evidence that WT1 mRNA undergoes RNA editing in human and rat, and that this process is tissue-restricted and developmentally regulated. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

449 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P19544|WT1
     1  MGSDVRDLNA LLPAVPSLGG GGGCALPVSG AAQWAPVLDF APPGASAYGS LGGPAPPPAP
    61  PPPPPPPPHS FIKQEPSWGG AEPHEEQCLS AFTVHFSGQF TGTAGACRYG PFGPPPPSQA
   121  SSGQARMFPN APYLPSCLES QPAIRNQGYS TVTFDGTPSY GHTPSHHAAQ FPNHSFKHED
   181  PMGQQGSLGE QQYSVPPPVY GCHTPTDSCT GSQALLLRTP YSSDNLYQMT SQLECMTWNQ
   241  MNLGATLKGV AAGSSSSVKW TEGQSNHSTG YESDNHTTPI LCGAQYRIHT HGVFRGIQDV
   301  RRVPGVAPTL VRSASETSEK RPFMCAYPGC NKRYFKLSHL QMHSRKHTGE KPYQCDFKDC
   361  ERRFSRSDQL KRHQRRHTGV KPFQCKTCQR KFSRSDHLKT HTRTHTGKTS EKPFSCRWPS
   421  CQKKFARSDE LVRHHNMHQR NMTKLQLAL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against WT1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.65
Highest tissue expression
49 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • fallopian tube: 49 nTPM
  • endometrium: 42 nTPM
  • smooth muscle: 31 nTPM
  • ovary: 28 nTPM
  • testis: 18 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 15 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • podocytes: 814 nCPM
  • sertoli cells: 350 nCPM
  • mesothelial cells: 320 nCPM
  • granulosa cells: 316 nCPM
  • endometrial stromal cells: 174 nCPM
  • epicardial cells: 164 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • medulla oblongata: 0.4 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 0.2 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 0.2 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 0.2 nTPM
  • midbrain: 0.2 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 0.1 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about WT1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions WT1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

158 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 2,009 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Wilms tumor 1
  • Drash syndrome
  • Frasier syndrome
  • 11p partial monosomy syndrome
  • Nephrotic syndrome, type 4

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on WT1 was assayed in.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for WT1 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

4 publications

Reference: B cellIEDB

8 publications

Show 3 more

Reference: T cellIEDB

69 publications

Show 20 more of 69 total

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.25
gnomAD pLI
1
gnomAD missense Z
1.78
DepMap mean gene effect
0.08
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of WT1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads WT1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against WT1 could matter depends on whether native WT1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

WT1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label WT1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/WT1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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