Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TIRAP

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein

Also known as: Mal, TIRAP_HUMAN, wyatt

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P58753
Gene
TIRAP
Ensembl
ENSG00000150455
Chromosome
11
Canonical length
221 aa
Protein class
Predicted intracellular proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Cytokinetic bridge,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Different TLRs recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all TLRs have a Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is responsible for signal transduction. The protein encoded by this gene is a TIR adaptor protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway of the immune system. It activates NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, which then results in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

221 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P58753|TIRAP
     1  MASSTSLPAP GSRPKKPLGK MADWFRQTLL KKPKKRPNSP ESTSSDASQP TSQDSPLPPS
    61  LSSVTSPSLP PTHASDSGSS RWSKDYDVCV CHSEEDLVAA QDLVSYLEGS TASLRCFLQL
   121  RDATPGGAIV SELCQALSSS HCRVLLITPG FLQDPWCKYQ MLQALTEAPG AEGCTIPLLS
   181  GLSRAAYPPE LRFMYYVDGR GPDGGFRQVK EAVMRYLQTL S

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TIRAP can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.42
Highest tissue expression
7.7 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • salivary gland: 7.7 nTPM
  • small intestine: 7.6 nTPM
  • duodenum: 7.5 nTPM
  • liver: 6.4 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 6.4 nTPM
  • ovary: 6.3 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neutrophils: 39 nCPM
  • neutrophil progenitors: 35 nCPM
  • hepatocytes: 31 nCPM
  • cholangiocytes: 23 nCPM
  • kupffer cells: 22 nCPM
  • enterocytes: 20 nCPM

Immune cell

  • classical monocyte: 5.4 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 4.9 nTPM
  • basophil: 4.6 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 4.5 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 4.1 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 4.1 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 8.4 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 7.2 nTPM
  • pons: 5.9 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 5.7 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 5.3 nTPM
  • midbrain: 5.1 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.66
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
-0.27
DepMap mean gene effect
0.13
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of TIRAP in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TIRAP as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TIRAP could matter depends on whether native TIRAP is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TIRAP is annotated at the cell surface, where native TIRAP is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TIRAP as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TIRAP. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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