Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

S100A1

Protein S100-A1

Also known as: S100-alpha, S100A, S10A1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P23297
Gene
S100A1
Ensembl
ENSG00000160678
Chromosome
1
Canonical length
94 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Golgi apparatus,Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in stimulation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, inhibition of microtubule assembly, and inhibition of protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation. Reduced expression of this protein has been implicated in cardiomyopathies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

94 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P23297|S100A1
     1  MGSELETAME TLINVFHAHS GKEGDKYKLS KKELKELLQT ELSGFLDAQK DVDAVDKVMK
    61  ELDENGDGEV DFQEYVVLVA ALTVACNNFF WENS

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against S100A1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.38
Highest tissue expression
4,578 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • tongue: 4,578 nTPM
  • heart muscle: 2,882 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 2,869 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 1,266 nTPM
  • midbrain: 1,146 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 941 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • breast lactating cells: 1,751 nCPM
  • salivary acinar cells: 471 nCPM
  • lacrimal acinar cells: 461 nCPM
  • hofbauer cells: 449 nCPM
  • breast secretory cells: 342 nCPM
  • melanocytes: 209 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 0.3 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 0.1 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 0.1 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 0.1 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 717 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 611 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 584 nTPM
  • midbrain: 578 nTPM
  • thalamus: 569 nTPM
  • pons: 504 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.87
gnomAD pLI
0.01
gnomAD missense Z
-0.15
DepMap mean gene effect
0.01
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of S100A1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads S100A1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against S100A1 could matter depends on whether native S100A1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

S100A1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label S100A1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/S100A1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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