Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

AFM

Afamin

Also known as: AFAM_HUMAN, ALB2, ALBA

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P43652
Gene: AFM
Ensembl: ENSG00000079557
Chromosome: 4
Canonical length: 599 aa
Protein class: Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Subcellular location: Plasma membrane
Secretome location: Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene is a member of the albumin gene family, which is comprised of four genes that localize to chromosome 4 in a tandem arrangement. These four genes encode structurally-related serum transport proteins that are known to be evolutionarily related. The protein encoded by this gene is regulated developmentally, expressed in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

599 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P43652|AFM
     1  MKLLKLTGFI FFLFFLTESL TLPTQPRDIE NFNSTQKFIE DNIEYITIIA FAQYVQEATF
    61  EEMEKLVKDM VEYKDRCMAD KTLPECSKLP NNVLQEKICA MEGLPQKHNF SHCCSKVDAQ
   121  RRLCFFYNKK SDVGFLPPFP TLDPEEKCQA YESNRESLLN HFLYEVARRN PFVFAPTLLT
   181  VAVHFEEVAK SCCEEQNKVN CLQTRAIPVT QYLKAFSSYQ KHVCGALLKF GTKVVHFIYI
   241  AILSQKFPKI EFKELISLVE DVSSNYDGCC EGDVVQCIRD TSKVMNHICS KQDSISSKIK
   301  ECCEKKIPER GQCIINSNKD DRPKDLSLRE GKFTDSENVC QERDADPDTF FAKFTFEYSR
   361  RHPDLSIPEL LRIVQIYKDL LRNCCNTENP PGCYRYAEDK FNETTEKSLK MVQQECKHFQ
   421  NLGKDGLKYH YLIRLTKIAP QLSTEELVSL GEKMVTAFTT CCTLSEEFAC VDNLADLVFG
   481  ELCGVNENRT INPAVDHCCK TNFAFRRPCF ESLKADKTYV PPPFSQDLFT FHADMCQSQN
   541  EELQRKTDRF LVNLVKLKHE LTDEELQSLF TNFANVVDKC CKAESPEVCF NEESPKIGN

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against AFM can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.26
Highest tissue expression: 899 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

liver: 899 nTPM
kidney: 74 nTPM
pancreas: 0.6 nTPM
stomach: 0.4 nTPM
fallopian tube: 0.2 nTPM
spleen: 0.1 nTPM

Single-cell type

hepatocytes: 438 nCPM
proximal tubule cells: 123 nCPM
parietal cells: 7.1 nCPM
gastric chief cells: 5.5 nCPM
podocytes: 2.8 nCPM
renal connecting tubule cells: 2.7 nCPM

Immune cell

basophil: 0 nTPM
classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
eosinophil: 0 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

amygdala: 0 nTPM
basal ganglia: 0 nTPM
cerebellum: 0 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 0 nTPM
choroid plexus: 0 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 0 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.3
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: -0.58
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.07
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 2% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

protein stabilization
response to nutrient levels
vitamin transport
protein transport within extracellular region

Molecular functions

vitamin E binding

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of AFM in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads AFM as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against AFM could matter depends on whether native AFM is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

AFM is annotated as secreted, so native AFM circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label AFM as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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