Histone H3/CENP-A

Definition

This entry includes histone H3 and its variant, CENP-A (Cse4 in budding yeast, Cnp1 in fission yeast, and CID/CenH3 in fruit flies). Two primate-specific forms of H3, known as H3.X and H3.Y, are found in the brain PMID:20819935. Histone H3 is one of the five histones, along with H1/H5, H2A, H2B and H4. Two copies of each of the H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histones ensemble to form the core of the nucleosome PMID:16472024. The nucleosome forms octameric structure that wraps DNA in a left-handed manner. H3 is a highly conserved protein of 135 amino acid residues [[cite:PMID:8121801], [cite:PMID:2041803]]. Histones can undergo several different types of post-translational modifications that affect transcription, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. Eukaryotic centromeres consists of an unique nucleosome in which CENP-A can be found PMID:22729156. Human CENP-A nucleosome forms a histone octamer containing two each of histones H2A, H2B, H4 and CENP-A. Similar to the H3-containing nucleosome, the CENP-A nucleosome wraps DNA in a left-handed orientation [[cite:PMID:21743476], [cite:PMID:22127263]]. CENP-A nucleosomes function as a scaffold on which other kinetochore proteins assemble. CENP-A may serves as an epigenetic marker for kinetochore assembly PMID:24666101. Deposition of CENP-A to the centromere requires histone chaperone HJURP (Holliday junction recognition protein) PMID:21478274.

9 human proteins with this domain

Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.

Download CSV (9 proteins: gene, accession, name)

• CENPA
• H3-3A
• H3-4
• H3-5
• H3-7
• H3C1
• H3C15
• H3Y1
• H3Y2