Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

SYT1

Synaptotagmin-1

Also known as: P65, SVP65, SYT, SYT1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P21579
Gene
SYT1
Ensembl
ENSG00000067715
Chromosome
12
Canonical length
422 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins, Transporters
Quaternary structure
Homotetramer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the synaptotagmin protein family. The synaptotagmins are integral membrane proteins of synaptic vesicles that serve as calcium sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. The encoded protein participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse in response to calcium binding. Mutations in this gene are associated with Baker-Gordon syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2023]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

422 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P21579|SYT1
     1  MVSESHHEAL AAPPVTTVAT VLPSNATEPA SPGEGKEDAF SKLKEKFMNE LHKIPLPPWA
    61  LIAIAIVAVL LVLTCCFCIC KKCLFKKKNK KKGKEKGGKN AINMKDVKDL GKTMKDQALK
   121  DDDAETGLTD GEEKEEPKEE EKLGKLQYSL DYDFQNNQLL VGIIQAAELP ALDMGGTSDP
   181  YVKVFLLPDK KKKFETKVHR KTLNPVFNEQ FTFKVPYSEL GGKTLVMAVY DFDRFSKHDI
   241  IGEFKVPMNT VDFGHVTEEW RDLQSAEKEE QEKLGDICFS LRYVPTAGKL TVVILEAKNL
   301  KKMDVGGLSD PYVKIHLMQN GKRLKKKKTT IKKNTLNPYY NESFSFEVPF EQIQKVQVVV
   361  TVLDYDKIGK NDAIGKVFVG YNSTGAELRH WSDMLANPRR PIAQWHTLQV EEEVDAMLAV
   421  KK

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against SYT1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.37
Highest tissue expression
280 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • cerebral cortex: 280 nTPM
  • retina: 187 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 160 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 109 nTPM
  • amygdala: 82 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 79 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • brain excitatory neurons: 3,471 nCPM
  • brain inhibitory neurons: 3,227 nCPM
  • cone photoreceptor cells: 3,037 nCPM
  • retinal amacrine cells: 2,721 nCPM
  • other brain neurons: 2,629 nCPM
  • rod photoreceptor cells: 2,549 nCPM

Immune cell

  • naive B-cell: 2.8 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 1.9 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0.6 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 0.3 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 1,234 nTPM
  • white matter: 697 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 612 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 547 nTPM
  • amygdala: 387 nTPM
  • thalamus: 354 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about SYT1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions SYT1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

22 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 115 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for SYT1 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

2 publications

Reference: B cellIEDB

1 publication

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.45
gnomAD pLI
0.6
gnomAD missense Z
2.84
DepMap mean gene effect
0.07
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of SYT1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads SYT1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against SYT1 could matter depends on whether native SYT1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

SYT1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label SYT1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/SYT1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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