Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PTPN1

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1

Also known as: PTN1_HUMAN, PTP1B

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P18031
Gene
PTPN1
Ensembl
ENSG00000196396
Chromosome
20
Canonical length
435 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Predicted membrane proteins
Subcellular location
Endoplasmic reticulum,Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is the founding member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which was isolated and identified based on its enzymatic activity and amino acid sequence. PTPs catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphate monoesters specifically on tyrosine residues. Members of the PTP family share a highly conserved catalytic motif, which is essential for the catalytic activity. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP has been shown to act as a negative regulator of insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the phosphotryosine residues of insulin receptor kinase. This PTP was also reported to dephosphorylate epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, as well as JAK2 and TYK2 kinases, which implicated the role of this PTP in cell growth control, and cell response to interferon stimulation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

435 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P18031|PTPN1
     1  MEMEKEFEQI DKSGSWAAIY QDIRHEASDF PCRVAKLPKN KNRNRYRDVS PFDHSRIKLH
    61  QEDNDYINAS LIKMEEAQRS YILTQGPLPN TCGHFWEMVW EQKSRGVVML NRVMEKGSLK
   121  CAQYWPQKEE KEMIFEDTNL KLTLISEDIK SYYTVRQLEL ENLTTQETRE ILHFHYTTWP
   181  DFGVPESPAS FLNFLFKVRE SGSLSPEHGP VVVHCSAGIG RSGTFCLADT CLLLMDKRKD
   241  PSSVDIKKVL LEMRKFRMGL IQTADQLRFS YLAVIEGAKF IMGDSSVQDQ WKELSHEDLE
   301  PPPEHIPPPP RPPKRILEPH NGKCREFFPN HQWVKEETQE DKDCPIKEEK GSPLNAAPYG
   361  IESMSQDTEV RSRVVGGSLR GAQAASPAKG EPSLPEKDED HALSYWKPFL VNMCVATVLT
   421  AGAYLCYRFL FNSNT

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PTPN1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Other membrane
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.37
Highest tissue expression
53 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • lung: 53 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 52 nTPM
  • lymph node: 50 nTPM
  • tonsil: 49 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 45 nTPM
  • spleen: 44 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • alveolar cells type 2: 690 nCPM
  • alveolar cells type 1: 688 nCPM
  • plasma cells: 606 nCPM
  • monocytes: 473 nCPM
  • cdc: 452 nCPM
  • transitional alveolar cells: 421 nCPM

Immune cell

  • eosinophil: 25 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 23 nTPM
  • basophil: 20 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 19 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 18 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 15 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 53 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 30 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 27 nTPM
  • thalamus: 24 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 23 nTPM
  • midbrain: 23 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about PTPN1.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

3 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 52 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Autoinflammatory encephalopathy due to PTPN1 haploinsufficiency
  • Type 1 interferonopathy of childhood

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.38
gnomAD pLI
0.81
gnomAD missense Z
2.79
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.23
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 9% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of PTPN1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PTPN1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PTPN1 could matter depends on whether native PTPN1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PTPN1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PTPN1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/PTPN1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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