Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PER1

Period circadian protein homolog 1

Also known as: PER, PER1_HUMAN, RIGUI

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: O15534
Gene: PER1
Ensembl: ENSG00000179094
Chromosome: 17
Canonical length: 1290 aa
Protein class: Cancer-related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Nucleoplasm,Cytosol
Quaternary structure: Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of getting certain cancers. Alternative splicing has been observed in this gene; however, these variants have not been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

1290 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O15534|PER1
     1  MSGPLEGADG GGDPRPGESF CPGGVPSPGP PQHRPCPGPS LADDTDANSN GSSGNESNGH
    61  ESRGASQRSS HSSSSGNGKD SALLETTESS KSTNSQSPSP PSSSIAYSLL SASSEQDNPS
   121  TSGCSSEQSA RARTQKELMT ALRELKLRLP PERRGKGRSG TLATLQYALA CVKQVQANQE
   181  YYQQWSLEEG EPCSMDMSTY TLEELEHITS EYTLQNQDTF SVAVSFLTGR IVYISEQAAV
   241  LLRCKRDVFR GTRFSELLAP QDVGVFYGST APSRLPTWGT GASAGSGLRD FTQEKSVFCR
   301  IRGGPDRDPG PRYQPFRLTP YVTKIRVSDG APAQPCCLLI AERIHSGYEA PRIPPDKRIF
   361  TTRHTPSCLF QDVDERAAPL LGYLPQDLLG APVLLFLHPE DRPLMLAIHK KILQLAGQPF
   421  DHSPIRFCAR NGEYVTMDTS WAGFVHPWSR KVAFVLGRHK VRTAPLNEDV FTPPAPSPAP
   481  SLDTDIQELS EQIHRLLLQP VHSPSPTGLC GVGAVTSPGP LHSPGSSSDS NGGDAEGPGP
   541  PAPVTFQQIC KDVHLVKHQG QQLFIESRAR PQSRPRLPAT GTFKAKALPC QSPDPELEAG
   601  SAPVQAPLAL VPEEAERKEA SSCSYQQINC LDSILRYLES CNLPSTTKRK CASSSSYTTS
   661  SASDDDRQRT GPVSVGTKKD PPSAALSGEG ATPRKEPVVG GTLSPLALAN KAESVVSVTS
   721  QCSFSSTIVH VGDKKPPESD IIMMEDLPGL APGPAPSPAP SPTVAPDPAP DAYRPVGLTK
   781  AVLSLHTQKE EQAFLSRFRD LGRLRGLDSS STAPSALGER GCHHGPAPPS RRHHCRSKAK
   841  RSRHHQNPRA EAPCYVSHPS PVPPSTPWPT PPATTPFPAV VQPYPLPVFS PRGGPQPLPP
   901  APTSVPPAAF PAPLVTPMVA LVLPNYLFPT PSSYPYGALQ TPAEGPPTPA SHSPSPSLPA
   961  LAPSPPHRPD SPLFNSRCSS PLQLNLLQLE ELPRAEGAAV AGGPGSSAGP PPPSAEAAEP
  1021  EARLAEVTES SNQDALSGSS DLLELLLQED SRSGTGSAAS GSLGSGLGSG SGSGSHEGGS
  1081  TSASITRSSQ SSHTSKYFGS IDSSEAEAGA ARGGAEPGDQ VIKYVLQDPI WLLMANADQR
  1141  VMMTYQVPSR DMTSVLKQDR ERLRAMQKQQ PRFSEDQRRE LGAVHSWVRK GQLPRALDVM
  1201  ACVDCGSSTQ DPGHPDDPLF SELDGLGLEP MEEGGGEQGS SGGGSGEGEG CEEAQGGAKA
  1261  SSSQDLAMEE EEEGRSSSSP ALPTAGNCTS

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PER1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.58
Highest tissue expression: 201 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

skeletal muscle: 201 nTPM
skin: 171 nTPM
blood vessel: 161 nTPM
ovary: 158 nTPM
adipose tissue: 122 nTPM
breast: 109 nTPM

Single-cell type

pituicytes/fscs: 294 nCPM
neutrophils: 190 nCPM
epididymal principal cells: 164 nCPM
mast cells: 139 nCPM
epicardial cells: 136 nCPM
müller glia: 136 nCPM

Immune cell

myeloid DC: 1.7 nTPM
classical monocyte: 1.2 nTPM
neutrophil: 1.2 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 0.9 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 0.7 nTPM
eosinophil: 0.6 nTPM

Brain region

choroid plexus: 67 nTPM
white matter: 65 nTPM
cerebellum: 64 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 61 nTPM
hypothalamus: 58 nTPM
midbrain: 56 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.47
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: 0.2
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.03
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of PER1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PER1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PER1 could matter depends on whether native PER1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PER1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PER1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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