Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

MUL1

Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1

Also known as: C1orf166, FLJ12875, GIDE, MAPL, MUL1_HUMAN, MULAN, RNF218

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q969V5
Gene
MUL1
Ensembl
ENSG00000090432
Chromosome
1
Canonical length
352 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted membrane proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Mitochondria,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homooligomer

OverviewNCBI Gene

Enables several functions, including p53 binding activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity; and ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to exogenous dsRNA; negative regulation of defense response; and regulation of mitochondrion organization. Located in several cellular components, including mitochondrial outer membrane; neuronal cell body; and peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

352 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q969V5|MUL1
     1  MESGGRPSLC QFILLGTTSV VTAALYSVYR QKARVSQELK GAKKVHLGED LKSILSEAPG
    61  KCVPYAVIEG AVRSVKETLN SQFVENCKGV IQRLTLQEHK MVWNRTTHLW NDCSKIIHQR
   121  TNTVPFDLVP HEDGVDVAVR VLKPLDSVDL GLETVYEKFH PSIQSFTDVI GHYISGERPK
   181  GIQETEEMLK VGATLTGVGE LVLDNNSVRL QPPKQGMQYY LSSQDFDSLL QRQESSVRLW
   241  KVLALVFGFA TCATLFFILR KQYLQRQERL RLKQMQEEFQ EHEAQLLSRA KPEDRESLKS
   301  ACVVCLSSFK SCVFLECGHV CSCTECYRAL PEPKKCPICR QAITRVIPLY NS

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against MUL1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Other membrane
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
2
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.34
Highest tissue expression
47 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • tongue: 47 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 34 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 34 nTPM
  • heart muscle: 32 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 27 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 27 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • esophageal apical cells: 64 nCPM
  • syncytiotrophoblasts: 45 nCPM
  • cytotrophoblasts: 44 nCPM
  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 34 nCPM
  • hofbauer cells: 31 nCPM
  • epididymal clear cells: 31 nCPM

Immune cell

  • eosinophil: 38 nTPM
  • T-reg: 38 nTPM
  • basophil: 36 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 35 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 35 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 34 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 29 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 22 nTPM
  • pons: 22 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 21 nTPM
  • white matter: 21 nTPM
  • thalamus: 21 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.15
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.86
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.02
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of MUL1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads MUL1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against MUL1 could matter depends on whether native MUL1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

MUL1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label MUL1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/MUL1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

© 2026 · Seroatlas, Discover Oregon LLC · Terms of use

Loading the interactive Seroatlas protein explorer...