Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TXNIP

Thioredoxin-interacting protein

Also known as: ARRDC6, EST01027, HHCPA78, THIF, TXNIP_HUMAN, VDUP1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q9H3M7
Gene
TXNIP
Ensembl
ENSG00000265972
Chromosome
1
Canonical length
391 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location
Plasma membrane,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a thioredoxin-binding protein that is a member of the alpha arrestin protein family. Thioredoxin is a thiol-oxidoreductase that is a major regulator of cellular redox signaling which protects cells from oxidative stress. This protein inhibits the antioxidative function of thioredoxin resulting in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cellular stress. This protein also functions as a regulator of cellular metabolism and of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This protein may also function as a tumor suppressor. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

391 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9H3M7|TXNIP
     1  MVMFKKIKSF EVVFNDPEKV YGSGEKVAGR VIVEVCEVTR VKAVRILACG VAKVLWMQGS
    61  QQCKQTSEYL RYEDTLLLED QPTGENEMVI MRPGNKYEYK FGFELPQGPL GTSFKGKYGC
   121  VDYWVKAFLD RPSQPTQETK KNFEVVDLVD VNTPDLMAPV SAKKEKKVSC MFIPDGRVSV
   181  SARIDRKGFC EGDEISIHAD FENTCSRIVV PKAAIVARHT YLANGQTKVL TQKLSSVRGN
   241  HIISGTCASW RGKSLRVQKI RPSILGCNIL RVEYSLLIYV SVPGSKKVIL DLPLVIGSRS
   301  GLSSRTSSMA SRTSSEMSWV DLNIPDTPEA PPCYMDVIPE DHRLESPTTP LLDDMDGSQD
   361  SPIFMYAPEF KFMPPPTYTE VDPCILNNNV Q

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TXNIP can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.39
Highest tissue expression
2,154 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • tongue: 2,154 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 1,449 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 1,391 nTPM
  • breast: 1,366 nTPM
  • skin: 1,016 nTPM
  • tonsil: 1,002 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neutrophils: 5,229 nCPM
  • thymic myoid cells: 2,088 nCPM
  • b-cells: 1,926 nCPM
  • innate lymphoid cells: 1,614 nCPM
  • nk-cells: 1,439 nCPM
  • medullary thymic epithelial cells: 1,397 nCPM

Immune cell

  • total PBMC: 1,682 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 1,250 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 1,221 nTPM
  • basophil: 1,063 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 794 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 731 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 320 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 258 nTPM
  • thalamus: 216 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 203 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 201 nTPM
  • pons: 179 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.55
gnomAD pLI
0.16
gnomAD missense Z
-1.28
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.01
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of TXNIP in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TXNIP as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TXNIP could matter depends on whether native TXNIP is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TXNIP is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TXNIP as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TXNIP. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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