Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

SERPINE1

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1

Also known as: PAI, PAI1, PAI1_HUMAN, PLANH1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P05121
Gene
SERPINE1
Ensembl
ENSG00000106366
Chromosome
7
Canonical length
402 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Disease related genes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location
Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. This member is the principal inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA), and hence is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. The protein also functions as a component of innate antiviral immunity. Defects in this gene are the cause of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency (PAI-1 deficiency), and high concentrations of the gene product are associated with thrombophilia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

402 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P05121|SERPINE1
     1  MQMSPALTCL VLGLALVFGE GSAVHHPPSY VAHLASDFGV RVFQQVAQAS KDRNVVFSPY
    61  GVASVLAMLQ LTTGGETQQQ IQAAMGFKID DKGMAPALRH LYKELMGPWN KDEISTTDAI
   121  FVQRDLKLVQ GFMPHFFRLF RSTVKQVDFS EVERARFIIN DWVKTHTKGM ISNLLGKGAV
   181  DQLTRLVLVN ALYFNGQWKT PFPDSSTHRR LFHKSDGSTV SVPMMAQTNK FNYTEFTTPD
   241  GHYYDILELP YHGDTLSMFI AAPYEKEVPL SALTNILSAQ LISHWKGNMT RLPRLLVLPK
   301  FSLETEVDLR KPLENLGMTD MFRQFQADFT SLSDQEPLHV AQALQKVKIE VNESGTVASS
   361  STAVIVSARM APEEIIMDRP FLFVVRHNPT GTVLFMGQVM EP

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against SERPINE1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.26
Highest tissue expression
620 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • blood vessel: 620 nTPM
  • placenta: 393 nTPM
  • gallbladder: 337 nTPM
  • urinary bladder: 335 nTPM
  • liver: 323 nTPM
  • lung: 256 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • syncytiotrophoblasts: 1,607 nCPM
  • ovarian stromal cells: 1,151 nCPM
  • hepatic stellate cells: 1,065 nCPM
  • decidual stromal cells: 802 nCPM
  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 468 nCPM
  • fibroblasts: 432 nCPM

Immune cell

  • NK-cell: 9.5 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 0.8 nTPM
  • basophil: 0.3 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 0.3 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 0.2 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 0.2 nTPM

Brain region

  • thalamus: 24 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 24 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 11 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 10 nTPM
  • white matter: 9.2 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 7.9 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about SERPINE1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions SERPINE1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

  • Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency (PAI-1D) MIM:613329

Disease | GeneticClinVar

3 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 145 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Congenital plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 deficiency
  • Transcription level of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
  • Abnormal bleeding

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for SERPINE1 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

2 publications

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.69
gnomAD pLI
0.04
gnomAD missense Z
0.45
DepMap mean gene effect
0.04
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of SERPINE1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads SERPINE1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against SERPINE1 could matter depends on whether native SERPINE1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

SERPINE1 is annotated as secreted, so native SERPINE1 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label SERPINE1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/SERPINE1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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