Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PEG10

Retrotransposon-derived protein PEG10

Also known as: HB-1, KIAA1051, Mar2, Mart2, MEF3L, PEG10_HUMAN, RGAG3, RTL2, SIRH1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q86TG7
Gene: PEG10
Ensembl: ENSG00000242265
Chromosome: 7
Canonical length: 708 aa
Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Nucleoplasm,Cytosol
Quaternary structure: Homooligomer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This is a paternally expressed imprinted gene that is thought to have been derived from the Ty3/Gypsy family of retrotransposons. It contains two overlapping open reading frames, RF1 and RF2, and expresses two proteins: a shorter, gag-like protein (with a CCHC-type zinc finger domain) from RF1; and a longer, gag/pol-like fusion protein (with an additional aspartic protease motif) from RF1/RF2 by -1 translational frameshifting (-1 FS). While -1 FS has been observed in RNA viruses and transposons in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, this gene represents the first example of -1 FS in a eukaryotic cellular gene. This gene is highly conserved across mammalian species and retains the heptanucleotide (GGGAAAC) and pseudoknot elements required for -1 FS. It is expressed in adult and embryonic tissues (most notably in placenta) and reported to have a role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Overexpression of this gene has been associated with several malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Knockout mice lacking this gene showed early embryonic lethality with placental defects, indicating the importance of this gene in embryonic development. Additional isoforms resulting from alternatively spliced transcript variants, and use of upstream non-AUG (CUG) start codon have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

708 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q86TG7|PEG10
     1  MTERRRDELS EEINNLREKV MKQSEENNNL QSQVQKLTEE NTTLREQVEP TPEDEDDDIE
    61  LRGAAAAAAP PPPIEEECPE DLPEKFDGNP DMLAPFMAQC QIFMEKSTRD FSVDRVRVCF
   121  VTSMMTGRAA RWASAKLERS HYLMHNYPAF MMEMKHVFED PQRREVAKRK IRRLRQGMGS
   181  VIDYSNAFQM IAQDLDWNEP ALIDQYHEGL SDHIQEELSH LEVAKSLSAL IGQCIHIERR
   241  LARAAAARKP RSPPRALVLP HIASHHQVDP TEPVGGARMR LTQEEKERRR KLNLCLYCGT
   301  GGHYADNCPA KASKSSPAGK LPGPAVEGPS ATGPEIIRSP QDDASSPHLQ VMLQIHLPGR
   361  HTLFVRAMID SGASGNFIDH EYVAQNGIPL RIKDWPILVE AIDGRPIASG PVVHETHDLI
   421  VDLGDHREVL SFDVTQSPFF PVVLGVRWLS THDPNITWST RSIVFDSEYC RYHCRMYSPI
   481  PPSLPPPAPQ PPLYYPVDGY RVYQPVRYYY VQNVYTPVDE HVYPDHRLVD PHIEMIPGAH
   541  SIPSGHVYSL SEPEMAALRD FVARNVKDGL ITPTIAPNGA QVLQVKRGWK LQVSYDCRAP
   601  NNFTIQNQYP RLSIPNLEDQ AHLATYTEFV PQIPGYQTYP TYAAYPTYPV GFAWYPVGRD
   661  GQGRSLYVPV MITWNPHWYR QPPVPQYPPP QPPPPPPPPP PPPSYSTL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PEG10 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.46
Highest tissue expression: 439 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

placenta: 439 nTPM
adrenal gland: 163 nTPM
hypothalamus: 107 nTPM
basal ganglia: 103 nTPM
pituitary gland: 82 nTPM
ovary: 69 nTPM

Single-cell type

syncytiotrophoblasts: 2,987 nCPM
cytotrophoblasts: 2,584 nCPM
migrating cytotrophoblasts: 1,310 nCPM
corticotrophs: 1,028 nCPM
gonadotrophs: 933 nCPM
transitional alveolar cells: 538 nCPM

Immune cell

NK-cell: 0.9 nTPM
naive B-cell: 0.6 nTPM
memory B-cell: 0.5 nTPM
memory CD8 T-cell: 0.2 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0.1 nTPM
basophil: 0 nTPM

Brain region

hypothalamus: 786 nTPM
pons: 355 nTPM
midbrain: 322 nTPM
basal ganglia: 296 nTPM
thalamus: 225 nTPM
amygdala: 213 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about PEG10.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on PEG10 was assayed in.

head and neck squamous cell carcinoma T cell

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.43
gnomAD pLI: 0.87
gnomAD missense Z: 2.08
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.09
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of PEG10 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PEG10 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PEG10 could matter depends on whether native PEG10 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PEG10 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PEG10 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Loading the interactive Seroatlas protein explorer...