Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

MX1

Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1

Also known as: IFI-78K, lncMX1-215, MX1_HUMAN, MxA

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P20591
Gene: MX1
Ensembl: ENSG00000157601
Chromosome: 21
Canonical length: 662 aa
Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Nuclear membrane,Cytosol
Quaternary structure: Homotetramer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing protein that participates in the cellular antiviral response. The encoded protein is induced by type I and type II interferons and antagonizes the replication process of several different RNA and DNA viruses. There is a related gene located adjacent to this gene on chromosome 21, and there are multiple pseudogenes located in a cluster on chromosome 4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

662 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P20591|MX1
     1  MVVSEVDIAK ADPAAASHPL LLNGDATVAQ KNPGSVAENN LCSQYEEKVR PCIDLIDSLR
    61  ALGVEQDLAL PAIAVIGDQS SGKSSVLEAL SGVALPRGSG IVTRCPLVLK LKKLVNEDKW
   121  RGKVSYQDYE IEISDASEVE KEINKAQNAI AGEGMGISHE LITLEISSRD VPDLTLIDLP
   181  GITRVAVGNQ PADIGYKIKT LIKKYIQRQE TISLVVVPSN VDIATTEALS MAQEVDPEGD
   241  RTIGILTKPD LVDKGTEDKV VDVVRNLVFH LKKGYMIVKC RGQQEIQDQL SLSEALQREK
   301  IFFENHPYFR DLLEEGKATV PCLAEKLTSE LITHICKSLP LLENQIKETH QRITEELQKY
   361  GVDIPEDENE KMFFLIDKVN AFNQDITALM QGEETVGEED IRLFTRLRHE FHKWSTIIEN
   421  NFQEGHKILS RKIQKFENQY RGRELPGFVN YRTFETIVKQ QIKALEEPAV DMLHTVTDMV
   481  RLAFTDVSIK NFEEFFNLHR TAKSKIEDIR AEQEREGEKL IRLHFQMEQI VYCQDQVYRG
   541  ALQKVREKEL EEEKKKKSWD FGAFQSSSAT DSSMEEIFQH LMAYHQEASK RISSHIPLII
   601  QFFMLQTYGQ QLQKAMLQLL QDKDTYSWLL KERSDTSDKR KFLKERLARL TQARRRLAQF
   661  PG

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against MX1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Other membrane
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.3
Highest tissue expression: 120 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

salivary gland: 120 nTPM
spleen: 71 nTPM
thymus: 61 nTPM
bone marrow: 49 nTPM
lymph node: 36 nTPM
gallbladder: 35 nTPM

Single-cell type

pdcs: 138 nCPM
extravillous trophoblasts: 133 nCPM
urothelial cells: 93 nCPM
vascular endothelial cells: 92 nCPM
esophageal suprabasal cells: 89 nCPM
thymocytes: 86 nCPM

Immune cell

neutrophil: 65 nTPM
T-reg: 52 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 48 nTPM
classical monocyte: 45 nTPM
plasmacytoid DC: 45 nTPM
non-classical monocyte: 45 nTPM

Brain region

spinal cord: 117 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 63 nTPM
pons: 49 nTPM
hypothalamus: 43 nTPM
midbrain: 33 nTPM
white matter: 30 nTPM

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for MX1 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

4 publications

Anti-Myxovirus Resistance Protein-1 Immunoglobulin A Autoantibody in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
2022 · Can Respir J · RCR 0.6 · 6 citations
Classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias using anti-myxovirus resistance-protein 1 autoantibody.
2017 · Sci Rep · RCR 0.5 · 13 citations
Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein MX1 drives hyperexcitability in peripheral nerves: a novel mechanism in small fiber neuropathy.
2025 · J Neuroinflammation
Autoantibodies in small fiber neuropathy: frequency and clinical features associated with antibodies to the novel targets MX1 and DBNL.
2026 · J Neurol

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.21
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: 0.32
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.08
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of MX1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads MX1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against MX1 could matter depends on whether native MX1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

MX1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label MX1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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