Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TPO

Thyroid peroxidase

Also known as: PERT_HUMAN, TPX

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P07202
Gene
TPO
Ensembl
ENSG00000115705
Chromosome
2
Canonical length
933 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Enzymes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins
Secretome location
Intracellular and membrane

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a membrane-bound glycoprotein. The encoded protein acts as an enzyme and plays a central role in thyroid gland function. The protein functions in the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin and phenoxy-ester formation between pairs of iodinated tyrosines to generate the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Mutations in this gene are associated with several disorders of thyroid hormonogenesis, including congenital hypothyroidism, congenital goiter, and thyroid hormone organification defect IIA. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

933 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P07202|TPO
     1  MRALAVLSVT LVMACTEAFF PFISRGKELL WGKPEESRVS SVLEESKRLV DTAMYATMQR
    61  NLKKRGILSP AQLLSFSKLP EPTSGVIARA AEIMETSIQA MKRKVNLKTQ QSQHPTDALS
   121  EDLLSIIANM SGCLPYMLPP KCPNTCLANK YRPITGACNN RDHPRWGASN TALARWLPPV
   181  YEDGFSQPRG WNPGFLYNGF PLPPVREVTR HVIQVSNEVV TDDDRYSDLL MAWGQYIDHD
   241  IAFTPQSTSK AAFGGGADCQ MTCENQNPCF PIQLPEEARP AAGTACLPFY RSSAACGTGD
   301  QGALFGNLST ANPRQQMNGL TSFLDASTVY GSSPALERQL RNWTSAEGLL RVHARLRDSG
   361  RAYLPFVPPR APAACAPEPG IPGETRGPCF LAGDGRASEV PSLTALHTLW LREHNRLAAA
   421  LKALNAHWSA DAVYQEARKV VGALHQIITL RDYIPRILGP EAFQQYVGPY EGYDSTANPT
   481  VSNVFSTAAF RFGHATIHPL VRRLDASFQE HPDLPGLWLH QAFFSPWTLL RGGGLDPLIR
   541  GLLARPAKLQ VQDQLMNEEL TERLFVLSNS STLDLASINL QRGRDHGLPG YNEWREFCGL
   601  PRLETPADLS TAIASRSVAD KILDLYKHPD NIDVWLGGLA ENFLPRARTG PLFACLIGKQ
   661  MKALRDGDWF WWENSHVFTD AQRRELEKHS LSRVICDNTG LTRVPMDAFQ VGKFPEDFES
   721  CDSITGMNLE AWRETFPQDD KCGFPESVEN GDFVHCEESG RRVLVYSCRH GYELQGREQL
   781  TCTQEGWDFQ PPLCKDVNEC ADGAHPPCHA SARCRNTKGG FQCLCADPYE LGDDGRTCVD
   841  SGRLPRVTWI SMSLAALLIG GFAGLTSTVI CRWTRTGTKS TLPISETGGG TPELRCGKHQ
   901  AVGTSPQRAA AQDSEQESAG MEGRDTHRLP RAL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TPO can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.28
Highest tissue expression
1,388 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • thyroid gland: 1,388 nTPM
  • spleen: 19 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 11 nTPM
  • heart muscle: 9.4 nTPM
  • breast: 9 nTPM
  • tongue: 5.2 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • oocytes: 88 nCPM
  • vascular endothelial cells: 19 nCPM
  • late spermatids: 11 nCPM
  • peritubular myoid cells: 6.2 nCPM
  • lymphatic endothelial cells: 5.2 nCPM
  • late primary spermatocytes: 4.6 nCPM

Immune cell

  • memory CD4 T-cell: 2 nTPM
  • T-reg: 1.2 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 0.2 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 0.1 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 0.1 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 1.8 nTPM
  • white matter: 1.3 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 1.1 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 0.9 nTPM
  • pons: 0.9 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 0.9 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about TPO.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions TPO is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

122 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 873 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on TPO was assayed in.

Disease | AutoantibodyPubMed

Conditions in which antibodies against TPO are reported. Each links to that disease's full target list.

Showing 20 of 141 — disease pages carrying at least 10 antigens.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for TPO from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

2,380 publications

Show 20 more of 2,380 total

Reference: B cellIEDB

10 publications

Show 5 more

Reference: T cellIEDB

10 publications

Show 5 more

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.11
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0
DepMap mean gene effect
0.03
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of TPO in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TPO as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TPO could matter depends on whether native TPO is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TPO is annotated at the cell surface, where native TPO is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TPO as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TPO. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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