PTN
Pleiotrophin
Also known as: HBGF8, HBNF, NEGF1, PTN_HUMAN
Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene
Protein identityUniProt · HPA
- UniProt accession
- P21246
- Gene
- PTN
- Ensembl
- ENSG00000105894
- Chromosome
- 7
- Canonical length
- 168 aa
- Protein class
- Cancer-related genes, Predicted secreted proteins
- Subcellular location
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Secretome location
- Secreted to blood
- Quaternary structure
- Homooligomer
OverviewNCBI Gene
The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor. The protein has significant roles in cell growth and survival, cell migration, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]
Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt
168 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.
>P21246|PTN
1 MQAQQYQQQR RKFAAAFLAF IFILAAVDTA EAGKKEKPEK KVKKSDCGEW QWSVCVPTSG
61 DCGLGTREGT RTGAECKQTM KTQRCKIPCN WKKQFGAECK YQFQAWGECD LNTALKTRTG
121 SLKRALHNAE CQKTVTISKP CGKLTKPKPQ AESKKKKKEG KKQEKMLDLocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA
Whether an antibody against PTN can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.
- Antibody reachability
- Secreted
- Secreted
- Yes
- Transmembrane segments
- 0
- Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
- 0.52
- Highest tissue expression
- 366 nTPM
Expression across tissuesHPA
Tissue
- parathyroid gland: 366 nTPM
- cerebral cortex: 252 nTPM
- amygdala: 227 nTPM
- basal ganglia: 187 nTPM
- hippocampal formation: 177 nTPM
- midbrain: 134 nTPM
Single-cell type
- breast secretory cells: 1,817 nCPM
- bergmann glia: 1,068 nCPM
- corticotrophs: 947 nCPM
- extravillous trophoblasts: 831 nCPM
- esophageal suprabasal cells: 791 nCPM
- endometrial stromal cells: 575 nCPM
Immune cell
- basophil: 0 nTPM
- classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
- eosinophil: 0 nTPM
- gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
- intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
- MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM
Brain region
- cerebral cortex: 174 nTPM
- medulla oblongata: 138 nTPM
- cerebellum: 126 nTPM
- amygdala: 121 nTPM
- white matter: 111 nTPM
- thalamus: 108 nTPM
Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap
Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.
- gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
- 0.98
- gnomAD pLI
- 0.01
- gnomAD missense Z
- 1.18
- DepMap mean gene effect
- 0.02
- DepMap dependency class
- selective
Cancer expressionTCGA
Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).
OntologyGO
Biological processes
- bone mineralization
- cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway
- decidualization
- dendrite arborization
- dendrite regeneration
- estrous cycle
- integrin-mediated signaling pathway
- learning
- leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response
- memory
- negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
- negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
- nervous system development
- oogenesis
- ossification involved in bone remodeling
- positive regulation of axon regeneration
- positive regulation of bone mineralization
- positive regulation of cell division
- positive regulation of cell population proliferation
- positive regulation of dendrite development
- positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation
- positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
- positive regulation of neuron projection development
- positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
- positive regulation of ossification
- positive regulation of stem cell differentiation
- receptor clustering
- regulation of endothelial cell migration
- regulation of hemopoiesis
- regulation of myelination
- regulation of stem cell population maintenance
- regulation of synaptic plasticity
- response to auditory stimulus
- tissue regeneration
Molecular functions
- carbohydrate binding
- chondroitin sulfate binding
- growth factor activity
- heparin binding
- integrin binding
- molecular function activator activity
- protein kinase binding
- protein phosphatase inhibitor activity
Cellular components
Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro
- Midkine heparin-binding growth factor
- Pleiotrophin/Midkine, N-terminal domain
- Pleiotrophin/Midkine, C-terminal domain
- Pleiotrophin/Midkine disulphide-rich domain superfamily
- Pleiotrophin/Midkine heparin-binding growth factor, conserved site
- Pleiotrophin/Midkine, N-terminal domain superfamily
- Pleiotrophin/Midkine, C-terminal domain superfamily
- PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, C-terminal domain
- PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain
KeywordsUniProt
InteractionsUniProt · HPA
Protein binding partners of PTN in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.
Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis
Seroatlas reads PTN as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PTN could matter depends on whether native PTN is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.
PTN is annotated as secreted, so native PTN circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.
Annotation status
The present source text does not explicitly label PTN as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.
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