LGALS9
Galectin-9
Also known as: LEG9_HUMAN, LGALS9A
Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene
Protein identityUniProt · HPA
- UniProt accession
- O00182
- Gene
- LGALS9
- Ensembl
- ENSG00000168961
- Chromosome
- 17
- Canonical length
- 355 aa
- Protein class
- Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
- Subcellular location
- Cytosol
- Secretome location
- Secreted to blood
OverviewNCBI Gene
The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The protein encoded by this gene is an S-type lectin. It is overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and might participate in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells and might thus play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its associated immunodeficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt
355 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.
>O00182|LGALS9
1 MAFSGSQAPY LSPAVPFSGT IQGGLQDGLQ ITVNGTVLSS SGTRFAVNFQ TGFSGNDIAF
61 HFNPRFEDGG YVVCNTRQNG SWGPEERKTH MPFQKGMPFD LCFLVQSSDF KVMVNGILFV
121 QYFHRVPFHR VDTISVNGSV QLSYISFQNP RTVPVQPAFS TVPFSQPVCF PPRPRGRRQK
181 PPGVWPANPA PITQTVIHTV QSAPGQMFST PAIPPMMYPH PAYPMPFITT ILGGLYPSKS
241 ILLSGTVLPS AQRFHINLCS GNHIAFHLNP RFDENAVVRN TQIDNSWGSE ERSLPRKMPF
301 VRGQSFSVWI LCEAHCLKVA VDGQHLFEYY HRLRNLPTIN RLEVGGDIQL THVQTLocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA
Whether an antibody against LGALS9 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.
- Antibody reachability
- Secreted
- Secreted
- Yes
- Transmembrane segments
- 0
- Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
- 0.34
- Highest tissue expression
- 93 nTPM
Expression across tissuesHPA
Tissue
- colon: 93 nTPM
- rectum: 84 nTPM
- stomach: 83 nTPM
- spleen: 67 nTPM
- bone marrow: 65 nTPM
- lymph node: 57 nTPM
Single-cell type
- kupffer cells: 314 nCPM
- hofbauer cells: 310 nCPM
- colonocytes: 184 nCPM
- goblet cells: 181 nCPM
- foveolar cells: 158 nCPM
- monocytes: 158 nCPM
Immune cell
- non-classical monocyte: 218 nTPM
- intermediate monocyte: 215 nTPM
- myeloid DC: 165 nTPM
- classical monocyte: 116 nTPM
- eosinophil: 78 nTPM
- total PBMC: 75 nTPM
Brain region
- medulla oblongata: 29 nTPM
- white matter: 26 nTPM
- spinal cord: 21 nTPM
- thalamus: 20 nTPM
- pons: 19 nTPM
- midbrain: 16 nTPM
Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap
Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.
- gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
- 0.99
- gnomAD pLI
- 0
- gnomAD missense Z
- 0.91
- DepMap mean gene effect
- -0.32
- DepMap dependency class
- selective
Cancer expressionTCGA
Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).
OntologyGO
Biological processes
- cellular response to type II interferon
- cellular response to virus
- chemotaxis
- ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- female pregnancy
- inflammatory response
- maternal process involved in female pregnancy
- natural killer cell tolerance induction
- negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation
- negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
- negative regulation of chemokine production
- negative regulation of gene expression
- negative regulation of mast cell degranulation
- negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
- negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
- negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- negative regulation of type II interferon production
- p38MAPK cascade
- positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
- positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
- positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
- positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process
- positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis
- positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- positive regulation of gene expression
- positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
- positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
- positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
- positive regulation of interleukin-13 production
- positive regulation of interleukin-4 production
- positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
- positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
- positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
- positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
- positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
- positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
- positive regulation of T cell migration
- positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
- positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- positive regulation of type II interferon production
- positive regulation of viral entry into host cell
- response to interleukin-1
- response to lipopolysaccharide
- positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
Molecular functions
- carbohydrate binding
- disaccharide binding
- enzyme binding
- galactose binding
- galactoside binding
- oligosaccharide binding
- receptor ligand activity
Cellular components
Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro
KeywordsUniProt
InteractionsUniProt · HPA
Protein binding partners of LGALS9 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.
Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis
Seroatlas reads LGALS9 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against LGALS9 could matter depends on whether native LGALS9 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.
LGALS9 is annotated as secreted, so native LGALS9 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.
Annotation status
The present source text does not explicitly label LGALS9 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.
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