Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

HLA-G

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G

Also known as: HLAG_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P17693
Gene
HLA-G
Ensembl
ENSG00000204632
Chromosome
6
Canonical length
338 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location
Secreted to blood
Quaternary structure
Homotrimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

HLA-G belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. HLA-G is expressed on fetal derived placental cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domain, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exon 6 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

338 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P17693|HLA-G
     1  MVVMAPRTLF LLLSGALTLT ETWAGSHSMR YFSAAVSRPG RGEPRFIAMG YVDDTQFVRF
    61  DSDSACPRME PRAPWVEQEG PEYWEEETRN TKAHAQTDRM NLQTLRGYYN QSEASSHTLQ
   121  WMIGCDLGSD GRLLRGYEQY AYDGKDYLAL NEDLRSWTAA DTAAQISKRK CEAANVAEQR
   181  RAYLEGTCVE WLHRYLENGK EMLQRADPPK THVTHHPVFD YEATLRCWAL GFYPAEIILT
   241  WQRDGEDQTQ DVELVETRPA GDGTFQKWAA VVVPSGEEQR YTCHVQHEGL PEPLMLRWKQ
   301  SSLPTIPIMG IVAGLVVLAA VVTGAAVAAV LWRKKSSD

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against HLA-G can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.34
Highest tissue expression
14 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • pituitary gland: 14 nTPM
  • placenta: 11 nTPM
  • lung: 2.7 nTPM
  • testis: 2.5 nTPM
  • pancreas: 1.1 nTPM
  • spleen: 1 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • extravillous trophoblasts: 714 nCPM
  • alveolar cells type 1: 29 nCPM
  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 26 nCPM
  • platelets: 23 nCPM
  • early spermatids: 21 nCPM
  • late spermatids: 11 nCPM

Immune cell

  • total PBMC: 2.5 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 0.8 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 0.7 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 0.7 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 0.7 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0.6 nTPM

Brain region

  • amygdala: 0 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 0 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 0 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 0 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 0 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 0 nTPM

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for HLA-G from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

2 publications

Reference: T cellIEDB

6 publications

Show 1 more

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.46
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.23
DepMap mean gene effect
0.08
DepMap dependency class
none

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of HLA-G in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads HLA-G as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against HLA-G could matter depends on whether native HLA-G is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

HLA-G is annotated at the cell surface, where native HLA-G is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label HLA-G as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/HLA-G. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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