Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GDF11

Growth/differentiation factor 11

Also known as: BMP-11, BMP11, GDF11_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
O95390
Gene
GDF11
Ensembl
ENSG00000135414
Chromosome
12
Canonical length
407 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Subcellular location
Golgi apparatus,Vesicles
Secretome location
Secreted to blood
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein plays a role in the development of the nervous and other organ systems, and may regulate aging. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

407 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O95390|GDF11
     1  MVLAAPLLLG FLLLALELRP RGEAAEGPAA AAAAAAAAAA AGVGGERSSR PAPSVAPEPD
    61  GCPVCVWRQH SRELRLESIK SQILSKLRLK EAPNISREVV KQLLPKAPPL QQILDLHDFQ
   121  GDALQPEDFL EEDEYHATTE TVISMAQETD PAVQTDGSPL CCHFHFSPKV MFTKVLKAQL
   181  WVYLRPVPRP ATVYLQILRL KPLTGEGTAG GGGGGRRHIR IRSLKIELHS RSGHWQSIDF
   241  KQVLHSWFRQ PQSNWGIEIN AFDPSGTDLA VTSLGPGAEG LHPFMELRVL ENTKRSRRNL
   301  GLDCDEHSSE SRCCRYPLTV DFEAFGWDWI IAPKRYKANY CSGQCEYMFM QKYPHTHLVQ
   361  QANPRGSAGP CCTPTKMSPI NMLYFNDKQQ IIYGKIPGMV VDRCGCS

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GDF11 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.41
Highest tissue expression
20 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • retina: 20 nTPM
  • amygdala: 17 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 15 nTPM
  • midbrain: 15 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 14 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 14 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • retinal pigment epithelial cells: 414 nCPM
  • megakaryocyte progenitors: 66 nCPM
  • cone photoreceptor cells: 62 nCPM
  • retinal bipolar cells: 55 nCPM
  • retinal horizontal cells: 54 nCPM
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors: 51 nCPM

Immune cell

  • gdT-cell: 1.2 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 1 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 0.8 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 0.7 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 0.7 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 0.7 nTPM

Brain region

  • midbrain: 49 nTPM
  • thalamus: 39 nTPM
  • amygdala: 39 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 38 nTPM
  • pons: 36 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 32 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about GDF11.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions GDF11 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

  • Vertebral hypersegmentation and orofacial anomalies (VHO) MIM:619122

Disease | GeneticClinVar

1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 52 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.3
gnomAD pLI
0.98
gnomAD missense Z
2.98
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.11
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of GDF11 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GDF11 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GDF11 could matter depends on whether native GDF11 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GDF11 is annotated as secreted, so native GDF11 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GDF11 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/GDF11. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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