Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

ARL1

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 1

Also known as: ARFL1, ARL1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P40616
Gene
ARL1
Ensembl
ENSG00000120805
Chromosome
12
Canonical length
181 aa
Protein class
Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Golgi apparatus

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARL (ADP-ribosylation factor-like) family of proteins, which are structurally related to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). ARFs, described as activators of cholera toxin (CT) ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, regulate intracellular vesicular membrane trafficking, and stimulate a phospholipase D (PLD) isoform. Although, ARL proteins were initially thought not to activate CT or PLD, later work showed that they are weak stimulators of PLD and CT in a phospholipid dependent manner. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

181 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P40616|ARL1
     1  MGGFFSSIFS SLFGTREMRI LILGLDGAGK TTILYRLQVG EVVTTIPTIG FNVETVTYKN
    61  LKFQVWDLGG QTSIRPYWRC YYSNTDAVIY VVDSCDRDRI GISKSELVAM LEEEELRKAI
   121  LVVFANKQDM EQAMTSSEMA NSLGLPALKD RKWQIFKTSA TKGTGLDEAM EWLVETLKSR
   181  Q

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ARL1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Other membrane
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.28
Highest tissue expression
87 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • parathyroid gland: 87 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 84 nTPM
  • cervix: 81 nTPM
  • thyroid gland: 79 nTPM
  • kidney: 71 nTPM
  • salivary gland: 70 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • esophageal apical cells: 326 nCPM
  • breast lactating cells: 184 nCPM
  • syncytiotrophoblasts: 180 nCPM
  • conjunctival goblet cells: 167 nCPM
  • esophageal suprabasal cells: 164 nCPM
  • early primary spermatocytes: 161 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 51 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 40 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 34 nTPM
  • T-reg: 34 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 33 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 33 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 81 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 63 nTPM
  • pons: 61 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 56 nTPM
  • midbrain: 55 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 54 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.7
gnomAD pLI
0.09
gnomAD missense Z
2.18
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.22
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of ARL1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads ARL1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against ARL1 could matter depends on whether native ARL1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

ARL1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label ARL1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/ARL1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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