Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C/ Thiol specific antioxidant

Definition

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant enzymes that also control cytokine-induced peroxide levels which mediate signal transduction in mammalian cells. Prxs can be regulated by changes to phosphorylation, redox and possibly oligomerisation states. Prxs are divided into three classes: typical 2-Cys Prxs; atypical 2-Cys Prxs; and 1-Cys Prxs. All Prxs share the same basic catalytic mechanism, in which an active-site cysteine (the peroxidatic cysteine) is oxidised to a sulphenic acid by the peroxide substrate. The recycling of the sulphenic acid back to a thiol is what distinguishes the three enzyme classes. Using crystal structures, a detailed catalytic cycle has been derived for typical 2-Cys Prxs, including a model for the redox-regulated oligomeric state proposed to control enzyme activity PMID:12517450. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (Ahp) has two subunits, the small AhpC subunit and the large AhpF subunit PMID:30657885. AhpC is responsible for directly reducing organic hydroperoxides in its reduced dithiol form. Thiol specific antioxidant (TSA) is a physiologically important antioxidant which constitutes an enzymatic defence against sulphur-containing radicals and protects the cell against the oxidative stress caused by protein misfolding and aggregation PMID:24424024. This entry contains AhpC and TSA, as well as related proteins.

5 human proteins with this domain

Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.

Download CSV (5 proteins: gene, accession, name)

• PRDX1
• PRDX2
• PRDX3
• PRDX4
• PRDX6