Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

RFPL1

Ret finger protein-like 1

Also known as: RFPL1_HUMAN, RNF78

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: O75677
Gene: RFPL1
Ensembl: ENSG00000128250
Chromosome: 22
Canonical length: 317 aa
Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Nuclear speckles,Plasma membrane

OverviewNCBI Gene

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle and positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

317 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O75677|RFPL1
     1  MKRLSLVTTN RLSPHGNFLP LCTFPLAVDM AALFQEASSC PVCSDYLEKP MSLECGCAVC
    61  FKCINSLQKE PHGEDLLCCC CSMVSQKNKI RPSWQLERLA SHIKELEPKL KKILQMNPRM
   121  RKFQVDMTLD ADTANNFLLI SDDLRSVRSG CITQNRQDLA ERFDVSICIL GSPRFTCGRH
   181  YWEVDVGTST EWDLGVCRES VHRKGRIHLT TERGFWTVSL RDGSRLSAST VPLTFLFVDR
   241  KLQRVGIFLD MGMQNVSFFD AEGGSHVYTF RSVSAEEPLH LFFAPPSPPN GDKSVLSICP
   301  VINPGTTDAP VHPGEAK

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against RFPL1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.34
Highest tissue expression: 16 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

cerebral cortex: 16 nTPM
retina: 2.8 nTPM
adrenal gland: 2.7 nTPM
testis: 1.7 nTPM
prostate: 1.2 nTPM
liver: 1 nTPM

Single-cell type

early spermatids: 10 nCPM
prostatic glandular cells: 9.5 nCPM
retinal ganglion cells: 3.9 nCPM
late primary spermatocytes: 2.8 nCPM
other brain neurons: 1.1 nCPM
brain excitatory neurons: 1 nCPM

Immune cell

naive B-cell: 0.5 nTPM
non-classical monocyte: 0.3 nTPM
T-reg: 0.2 nTPM
classical monocyte: 0.1 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 0.1 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 0.1 nTPM

Brain region

cerebral cortex: 61 nTPM
white matter: 42 nTPM
basal ganglia: 40 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 38 nTPM
amygdala: 30 nTPM
thalamus: 28 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.69
gnomAD pLI: 0.01
gnomAD missense Z: 0.41
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.01
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads RFPL1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against RFPL1 could matter depends on whether native RFPL1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

RFPL1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label RFPL1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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