MIF
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Also known as: GIF, GLIF, MIF_HUMAN
Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene
Protein identityUniProt · HPA
- UniProt accession
- P14174
- Gene
- MIF
- Ensembl
- ENSG00000240972
- Chromosome
- 22
- Canonical length
- 115 aa
- Protein class
- Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Enzymes, Human disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
- Subcellular location
- Nucleoplasm,Cytosol
- Secretome location
- Secreted to blood
- Quaternary structure
- Homotrimer
OverviewNCBI Gene
This gene encodes a lymphokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation. It plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. This lymphokine and the JAB1 protein form a complex in the cytosol near the peripheral plasma membrane, which may indicate an additional role in integrin signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt
115 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.
>P14174|MIF
1 MPMFIVNTNV PRASVPDGFL SELTQQLAQA TGKPPQYIAV HVVPDQLMAF GGSSEPCALC
61 SLHSIGKIGG AQNRSYSKLL CGLLAERLRI SPDRVYINYY DMNAANVGWN NSTFALocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA
Whether an antibody against MIF can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.
- Antibody reachability
- Secreted
- Secreted
- Yes
- Transmembrane segments
- 0
- Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
- 0.31
- Highest tissue expression
- 1,199 nTPM
Expression across tissuesHPA
Tissue
- kidney: 1,199 nTPM
- esophagus: 1,063 nTPM
- spinal cord: 1,022 nTPM
- liver: 985 nTPM
- adrenal gland: 948 nTPM
- amygdala: 878 nTPM
Single-cell type
- parietal cells: 888 nCPM
- gastric chief cells: 823 nCPM
- epididymal principal cells: 787 nCPM
- esophageal apical cells: 653 nCPM
- extravillous trophoblasts: 637 nCPM
- suprabasal keratinocytes: 572 nCPM
Immune cell
- total PBMC: 1,806 nTPM
- memory B-cell: 1,535 nTPM
- naive B-cell: 1,387 nTPM
- T-reg: 1,262 nTPM
- MAIT T-cell: 1,254 nTPM
- memory CD4 T-cell: 1,226 nTPM
Brain region
- white matter: 705 nTPM
- hypothalamus: 535 nTPM
- spinal cord: 453 nTPM
- hippocampal formation: 439 nTPM
- medulla oblongata: 409 nTPM
- midbrain: 403 nTPM
DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed
Four sources answering four different questions about MIF.
Disease | AllUniProt
Conditions MIF is implicated in, by any mechanism.
- Rheumatoid arthritis systemic juvenile (RASJ) MIM:604302
Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap
Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.
- gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
- 1.69
- gnomAD pLI
- 0.01
- gnomAD missense Z
- -0.4
- DepMap mean gene effect
- -0.11
- DepMap dependency class
- selective
Cancer expressionTCGA
Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).
OntologyGO
Biological processes
- carboxylic acid metabolic process
- cell surface receptor signaling pathway
- cellular senescence
- DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
- inflammatory response
- innate immune response
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- negative regulation of cell migration
- negative regulation of cellular senescence
- negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
- negative regulation of gene expression
- negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
- negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
- negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
- negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process
- negative regulation of protein metabolic process
- positive regulation of arachidonate secretion
- positive regulation of B cell proliferation
- positive regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction
- positive regulation of cell population proliferation
- positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production
- positive regulation of cytokine production
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
- positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
- positive regulation of phosphorylation
- positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
- prostaglandin biosynthetic process
- protein homotrimerization
- regulation of macrophage activation
- positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response
- positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response
Molecular functions
- chemoattractant activity
- cytokine activity
- cytokine receptor binding
- dopachrome isomerase activity
- identical protein binding
- phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity
- protease binding
Cellular components
Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro
KeywordsUniProt
InteractionsUniProt · HPA
Protein binding partners of MIF in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.
Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis
Seroatlas reads MIF as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against MIF could matter depends on whether native MIF is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.
MIF is annotated as secreted, so native MIF circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.
Annotation status
The present source text does not explicitly label MIF as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.
Loading the interactive Seroatlas protein explorer...